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The Making Of Urban Places > Urban Visions > Flashcards

Urban Visions Flashcards

1
Q

Origins of garden city?

A

John Sinclair- Thurso
Attracting people back to countryside
Transforming property relations
John Claudius London plan

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2
Q

What was John Claudius’s plan?

A

Alternating circles of built up areas and green belt

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3
Q

Model village examples?

A 
New Lanark
Saltaire
James Silk Buckingham’s plan of a model town 
Port sunlight 
Bourneville 
New Farswick
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4
Q

Philanthropic housing?

A

Establishing the state to protect public welfare and private funds for new housing
Market adjustments
Higher standards of health and safety

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5
Q

Example of philanthropic housing?

A

Peabody trust, London

Improved dwellings association, New York

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6
Q

Failure of philanthropic housing?

A

Corporations could not afford to house the neediest only wage earners
Failed to convince mass investors due to small return compared to slum housing

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7
Q

What came up with the garden city context and what were his key texts?

A

Ebenezer Howard 1850
Tomorrow: A peaceful path to reform
Garden cities of tomorrow

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8
Q

Describe the ideology behind garden cities?

A

Middle course between Utopianism and pragmatism
Influenced by Victorian reform- cooperative movement
Speculative land company

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9
Q

Describe a garden city?

A

Self contained urban settlements with a mix of land uses separated from neighbouring urban areas to decentralise urban populations and control suburbs.

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10
Q

Problems with London?

A

Overcrowding
Slums
Inequality
Poor planning

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11
Q

The three magnets?

A

Combination of energetic and active town live with the beauty and delight of the country
Marriage of town and country

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12
Q

Key ideas of garden cities?

A

Entire revenue derived from ground rents based off of annual land value and part of the sum given to the council for public world
No monopoly
Self sufficiency

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13
Q

New social economy?

A

Shared ownership
Rate-rent, what people pay to live there
Rates paid towards roads and schools, surplus to pensions and health and accident insurance

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14
Q

How was the garden city seen as for the working class!

A

A stepping stone to a higher and better form of industrial life

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15
Q

Planning the garden city

A

Cottages and gardens
Semi-rural- trees, shrubs, grass
Central Park
Preserving a belt of country round cities
Each ward should be a complete town in itself

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16
Q

Administration?

A

Public accountability
Board of management:
Central council

Departments:
Public control- law and inspection
Engineering- infrastructure
Social purposes- education, recreation

17
Q

Social cities?

A

Local option- protection against competition

Public houses profit addressed consequences such as asylums for alcoholics

18
Q

Garden city example? 1

A 
Letchworth Garden City 
Most complete example 
Planner by Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin 
Preserved Norton Common 
Grand axial layout 
Land zoning
19
Q

Garden city example? 2

A

Welwyn Garden City
Everyone belonged to many societies and were secretaries of at least 1
Working class housing clustered in one area
Investors took more profit than was planned

20
Q

Did the idea spread internationally?

A

Yes
Japan and Korea
Looked at incorporating nature into cities

21
Q

Challenges?

A 
Statutory town planning in Britain 1909
State subsidies for local authorities for supplying working class rental housing 
1919 Housing act 
New Towns 
Modernism 
Increase car ownership
22
Q

New urbanism

A

A cultural shift to rediscover civic life and the vitality of the public realm and honourable places

23
Q

John Nolan

A

Civic art to integrate the urban landscape based on a new aesthetic
Enabling individuality of citizens
Concluded cities were cursed with insolvable social and political problems

24
Q

Contemporary relevance?

A 
Cohabitation, compactness, greenness and community 
Neighbourhood 
Traffic free 
Eco towns 
New urbanism
25
Q

Garden cities of today?

A

Large scale new community to address housing shortage
Well planned and high quality sustainable places
Capture of land values enable large scale developments

26
Q

Interconnectivness

A 
Mixed tenure affordable homes 
Variety of employment opportunities within commuter distance 
Generous green space 
Community engagement 
Allotments 
Accessible transport

The Making Of Urban Places (11 decks)

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