The Industrial City

Question 1

Towards the industrial city?

Answer 1

Revolutionary developments in cotton, iron manufacture, coal and steam
Gradual movement towards capitalist economy
Peasant class replaced with landless labourers

Question 2

Benefits of factory system?

Answer 2

Increased productivity
Cost of spinning reduced
Constant competition drove innovation and technological developments

Question 3

Limits on industrial progression?

Answer 3

The problems of the poor
Poor housing conditions
Disease
Political disorder

Question 4

Early responses?

Answer 4

Local governance
Slum clearance
Public works
Policing

Question 5

Progression in transport

Answer 5

Improvements to toads
Wagons substituted for pack horses
Travel times reduced
Canals, railways and steamboats

Question 6

Segregation?

Answer 6

The distance between the rich and the poor is so great (Engels)
The poor are hidden from the view of the higher ranks
Two different nations within one city

Question 7

Industries and cities

Answer 7

Bradford- Wool
Manchester- Cotton
Sheffield - Iron and steel

Question 8

Population change?

Answer 8

Higher BR with falling age of marriage
Rural to urban migration
1851- Urban nation with over half in cities
Migration from Ireland- high in Liverpool

Question 9

Housing in the industrial city?

Answer 9

Back to backs
St Giles London
1841- 655 people
1847- 1,095 in same number of properties

Question 10

Pop increase in Glasgow

Answer 10

Blackfriars- increase if 40% 1831-41

Question 11

Disease national

Answer 11

1831-32 cholera epidemic 32,000 deaths

Epidemics repeated in 1848 and 53

Question 12

Disease regional?

Answer 12

Glasgow- typhus outbreak

Mortality rate increase by 60%

Question 13

Life expectancy?

Answer 13

1841

28 in Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester

Question 14

Wealth differences for death rates?

Answer 14

St Mary’s ward in bham had double the death rate than that of Edgebaston

Question 15

Effects of disease?

Answer 15

Cholera spread panic as it affected middle class too
Concerns about morals
Stimulants, depressants, sexual conduct

Question 16

Controlling the city

Answer 16

Links made between environment and health
Particularly around factories and working class homes
Health of towns association 1844
The association for promoting cleanliness among the poor

Question 17

Timeline

Answer 17

1833- Factory acts- bans children under 9 and restrictions on working hours for 9-18
1846- public baths and wash houses act
1848- public health bill
1875- Public health act

Question 18

Progress in urban sanitation

Answer 18

Fresh water supplied
Sewer system improvement
Increase in funding

Question 19

What did boards of heath do?

Answer 19

Ensure proper drainage and privies 
Local water and sewage systems 
Burial grounds 
Public parks 
Raised money for public works