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The Making Of Urban Places > Civic Improvement And The City Beautiful > Flashcards

Civic Improvement And The City Beautiful Flashcards

1
Q

Haussmann style and strategy

A 
Paris mid 1800’s 
Style harsh 
Demolition for urban renewal 
Cutting new streets to open up centre 
Open up suburbs 
Regulate streets and add monuments
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2
Q

Haussmann tactics

A

Predominantly private sector
State purchases land to construct infrastructure
State controls building lines, regulated uniformity
Increase housing

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3
Q

Demolition in London

A

Unregulated driven by street improvements
Over 1000 families displaced in Holborn
Prestige thoroughfares replacing
No rehousing provisions

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4
Q

Edinburgh

A

Slum clearance
Used as public health device
Profit was most important

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5
Q

Improvement acts

A

Torrens housing act 1868

Allowed demolition but not replacement

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6
Q

Problems

A 
No requirement to re house 
New housing intended wot superior working classes 
No representation of slum residents 
Representation limited of middle class
Rents high 
Beneficiaries were often landlords
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7
Q

Broader assessment

A 
Improved health and housing but aimed at moral uplift of working class 
Social welfare recognised but narrowing of political sphere
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8
Q

Back to the future?

A 
Housing market renewal 
Demolition programmes of inner city terraces 
Community opposition 
Gentrification 
Mixed communities 
Dependent of private sector investment
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9
Q

The city beautiful relationships?

A

Between the city and the citizen

Between public and private spaces

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10
Q

How is behaviour shaped?

A

The state and municipal authority

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11
Q

How was Dallas described?

A

A city in the making

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12
Q

Origins

A

Sanitariums
Reclaiming the slums
Chicago- fires, disease and violence
Moral environmentalism- for people to appreciate there city and therefore be good citizens

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13
Q

Two theorists

A

Fredrick Law Olmsted

Baron Haussmann

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14
Q

Fredrick Law Olmsted?

A

Provision of large scale urban green-space in step with urban expansion

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15
Q

Baron Haussmann?

A

The provision of major traffic arteries and regulate private development

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16
Q

What were the local scale improvement organisations

A

Village improvement societies

17
Q

Examples of things village improvement societies do?

A 
Neat sidewalks 
Planting trees 
Well kept lawns 
Cemetery maintenance 
Litter bins 
Lighting
18
Q

Chicago and the state?

A

1871 Great fire resulting in 100,000 homeless
Expansion of state power to inspect and regulate buildings and restrict uses of private property
Maps of living conditions- emergence of public health

19
Q

The great civic awakening

A

Carefully designed public spaces would strengthen democracy and articulate collective values
Express of town pride
Personal responsibility

20
Q

Example of civic awakening

A

Montclair, NJ

School children picking up litter to ensure habits of ‘neatness, pride and patriotism’

21
Q

Order from chaos?

A

Resolving the upheaval of mass immigration and a means to ‘Americanisation’ ‘unity’ ‘civic consciousness’
Social harmony and standards for appropriate behaviour in the modern city

22
Q

Key elements of unity?

A

Large scale Classical Renaissance design
Municipal art
Civic centre and monumental architecture
Aesthetics, safety and sanitation

23
Q

Examples of city beautiful?

A

McMillan plan for Washington-1902
The White city of Chicago Colombian Exposition- 1904
Olmsted’s plan for Detroit- 1905

24
Q

Plan for Chicago?

A

Burnham and Bennett 1909
Interconnected entity of buildings, roads and green space
Removal of heavy industry from the city core replaced by consumer oriented- leisure activities
Relocation of major rail lines to underground

25
Q

Municipal authority in Chicago?

A

State intervention in the real estate market
Regulation of design and construction of buildings
Power to take private property
Zoning regulations

26
Q

Police powers in municipal authority?

A

Power to regulate or seize private property threatening public welfare- nuisance laws regulating tenement housing

27
Q

Advantages of the city beautiful?

A

Enhances urban commerce
Increase property values
Tourism
Fredrick Law Olmsted senior- civic boosterism
Consumption over production
Assuring safety through effective policing

28
Q

The aristocratic City

A

No housing for workers
Working classes can enjoy the beauty of the parks and monuments but would reside on the city edges
The department store- Burnhams vision
Moving women from domestic sphere to retail employment

29
Q

Criticism of city beautiful

A

Civic vanity
Gigantic costs
City should be practical, liveable and sensible above beautiful

30
Q

City practical

A

John Nolan’s plan for Montclair- not approached superficially but conveniently and utility
From aesthetic led to functionalist driving

31
Q

Relationship between beauty and utility

A

Beautility

The Making Of Urban Places (11 decks)

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