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Human Geography 🌃 > Urban Inequalities > Flashcards

Urban Inequalities Flashcards

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1
Q

Economic inequality

A

Unequal distribution of money amongst a population
Higher in developing world (can’t afford support)

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2
Q

inequalities in cities

A

access to jobs,
healthcare,
education,
basic public services

leads to poorer health and unemployment

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3
Q

Issues caused by economic inequality

A

Political and social unrest
Rise in crime
Health issues (malnutrition)

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4
Q

Economic inequality in Leeds

A

149,000 people live in absolute poverty

Beston and Holbeck
Children in absolute poverty - 38%
- lower attendance in schools, more social issues, poor air quality

Horsforth
Children in absolute poverty - 13%
- better quality housing, green spaces, better attendance

Gap between richest and poorest widening

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5
Q

Economic inequality in Rio

A

Poorest 50% earn 13% of national income
South zone - richest
North zone - favelas

Up to 1000 favelas
20% unemployment rate

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6
Q

Social and economic issues in Leeds

A

Lack of affordable housing
- average house prices 7x higher average income
forced to rent - causes more issues
- poor quality and government slow to respond to issues

large economic inequalities
- eg between Beston and Horsforth
Horsforth has better quality housing, fewer social issues and better schools

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7
Q

Social and economic issues in Rio

A

Housing issues
10,000+ migrants a year

Favelas
1000 favelas - illegal settlements
little services - 12% no running water

Education
50% don’t continue after 14
= crime

health
40% don’t have access to health clinic

unemployment
20% in favelas
many in informal sector (no tax)

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8
Q

Strategies to manage economic inequality

A

Improve transport
Affordable housing
Minimum wages
More schools

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9
Q

Strategies in Leeds (eco)

A

Best council plan
- affordable housing
- improving transport
- supporting families and children
- tackling low pay

ASDA Middleton - trained and helped people to get jobs

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10
Q

Evaluation of strategies in Leeds

A

+ successful, improved QoL

  • budget cuts makes it a challenge
  • doesn’t help all people and still inequalities
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11
Q

Strategies in Rio (eco)

A

Favela Bairro Project
Improved homes and rehomed people

Included
cable car in Complexo de Alemao - allowed urban poor to access jobs (live in suburbs)
but shut down (2 hours trip to 16 minutes)

Campo Grande - 800 homes with services and safer (but far from centre)

Pacification reduced crime

Waste disposal services improved environment

7 new treatment plants to provide more people water, 2014, 95% had mains supply

Training schemes to help people get jobs - reduced unemployment

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12
Q

Evaluation of strategies Rio

A

+ successful, improved QoL

  • infrastructure not maintained, eg cable car
  • lack of budget to cover all favelas
  • more training needed to improve education and employment
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13
Q

Reasons for cultural diversity in cities

A

Immigration
Tend to settle in cities
Many opportunities
Globalisation

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14
Q

Positives of diversity

A

Increases tolerance
Enrich character
Cultural events - tourism, good for economy

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15
Q

Issues caused by cultural diversity

A

Tension between groups, can lead to violence
Pressure on services - educate students who can’t speak English
Minority communities may feel isolated

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16
Q

strategies to manage diversity

A

schools alter holidays and services
- involve different cultures

local authorities provide English lessons to help get jobs

17
Q

Cultural diversity in Leeds

A

12% of Leeds born outside UK
22% primary school students don’t have English as first language

West Indian Carnival, Chapeltown

18
Q

Cultural diversity in Rio

A

Racially mixed
Spatial patterns, most white in south
South zone - 80% white
Rest of city - 50% white

Black and mixed concentrated in poor areas such as north

19
Q

Factor affecting success of stratergies

A

Leeds better

Population size/ growth - more pressure on services
Wealth - more money to help
Physical geography
- Rio surrounded by mountains, less space to expand

20
Q

what is social segregation?

A
21
Q

Issues caused by social segregation

A

Can be forced or voluntary

Lack of interaction - caused discrimination

Some areas may lack opportunities- increases inequalities
Or services such as waste disposal - poor health

22
Q

strategies to manage social segregation

A

combat discrimination

create equal employment opportunities

increase access to services in all areas

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