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Human Geography 🌃 > Urban Forms > Flashcards

Urban Forms Flashcards

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1
Q

Urban form

A

Physical characteristics and organisation of a city
Includes size, shape, population density and arrangement

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2
Q

Physical factors affecting urban form

A

Topography - physical features

Natural resources - coal and metal

Water

Land type

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3
Q

Human factors affecting urban form

A

Planning

Infrastructure

Land value

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4
Q

how does topography affect urban form?

A

steep slopes are harder to build on and less accessible
- results in poorer housing eg favelas

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5
Q

how do natural resources affect urban form?

A

rich resources encourage growth in size and population
eg coal and metals

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6
Q

how does water affect urban form?

A

presence of lakes and oceans limits urban growth

cities often grow along rivers
city centres on waterfront

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7
Q

how does land type affect urban form?

A

some surfaces harder to build on or more expensive
eg swamps

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8
Q

how does planning affect urban form?

A

planned urban expansion can include open space and leisure facilities

unplanned expansion often results in poorer housing
eg favelas

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9
Q

how does infrastructure affect urban form?

A

new developments often built along transport links
leads to linear growth

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10
Q

how does land value affect urban form?

A

highest value often in city centres
profitable business locate there
eg chain stores

less profitable business further out

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11
Q

Urban form in HICs (burgess model)

A

with distance:
- land value decreases
- house prices increase

CBD - buisness and shops
Inner city - high land value, high density, lower wages
Inner suburbs - residential, lower quality
Outer suburbs - residential housing
Rural urban fringe - suburbanised villages, land value decreases, house prices increase

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12
Q

Urban form in LICs (burgess model)

A

with distance:
- land value decreases
- house prices decrease

CBD - shops and buisness, high cost housing
Improved housing - informal housing that has been developed
Favelas - informal housing, limited services
Industry - along transport links, good supply of workers

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13
Q

Town centre mixed developments

A

Mixed land use - offices, shops, entertainment etc
Planned often with private investment
Aims to attract people back to city centres
Wide range of facilities and spaces

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14
Q

TCMD example

A

South Bank
Offices, new homes, lesuire

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15
Q

Cultural and heritage quarters

A

Focus on history and character of a city
Such as theatres, historical buildings, art galleries
Aim to attract visitors and encourage economic development

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16
Q

Cultural quarter example

A

Cultural and heritage quarter, Leeds
Corn exchange, FD arena, playhouse

17
Q

Gentrified areas

A

Buying and renovating of properties, often in more run down areas by wealthier individuals
Helps regenerate and improve housing

18
Q

Causes of gentrification

A

The rent gap - difference between actual and potential prices, attracts individuals to renovate

Commuting costs reduced in city centre

19
Q

Positives of gentrification

A

Increased local tax
Improved physical environment
Growth in area

20
Q

Negatives of gentrification

A

Increase house prices, locals can’t afford
Loss of original services
Tensions and conflict

21
Q

Gentrified area example

A

Headingly, Leeds
Gentrification caused 28% rise in house prices since 2011

22
Q

PMWC

A

Based on idea of postmodernism reflects changes in western society in 20th cent.

changes to architecture and form:
- Fragmented urban form
- Less uniform architecture

socio economic changes
- more ethnically diverse
- more social segregation
- move from manufacturing to services (tertiary)

23
Q

PMWC example

A

Leeds trinity
Less uniform

24
Q

Fortress developments

A

Lots of security
CCTV, guards, high walls
Often in suburban areas
Designed to be safe for families but expensive, create sgregation as only rich can live there
Gated communities

25
Q

Fortress developments example

A

Harewood Gate
Barra de Tijuca

26
Q

Edge city

A

New areas of shops and facilities along transport links
Result of urban sprawl due to car ownership
Create social segregation

27
Q

Edge city example

A

Barra de Tijuca
(Rich people)

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