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Human Geography 🌃 > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

1
Q

3 aspects of place

A

location - where it is, coordinates

locale - the place where something happens, has particular events associated with it

sense of place - emotional meanings attached to a place

place = location + meaning

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2
Q

what is sense of place?

A

emotional meanings attached to a place

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3
Q

concept of place

A

location
physical characteristics
human characteristics
flows
sense of place
locale

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4
Q

what is an insider?

A

someone who is familiar with a place and feels welcome
- they feel they belong there

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5
Q

what is an outsider?

A

someone who feels unwelcome or excluded from a place
- they don’t feel they belong there

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6
Q

factors that make people feel like insiders or outsiders

A

age
gender
religion

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7
Q

what is an experienced place?

A

places people have spent time in
- sense of place shaped by experiences of visiting or living there

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8
Q

what is a media place?

A

places people haven’t been to
- sense of place shaped through the media

Maya Bay
The Beach, film

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9
Q

how is globalisation affecting near and far places?

A

near places - geographically near, feel like an insider (although not always)
far places - geographically far, often feel like an outsider

but far places are feeling nearer:
improvements in travel - far places are easier and quicker to get to

improvements in technology - people can be more familiar with far places and media places

internet - people can feel connected with far places and people

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10
Q

what are endogenous factors?

A

internal factors which shape a places character, can be physical or human

eg. location, topography, land use, demographic characteristics

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11
Q

what are exogenous factors?

A

external factors which shape a places character, includes relationship to other places and flows in and out of a place

eg. flows of people, resources, money and ideas

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12
Q

endogenous factors that influence the character of a place

A

location - where the place is
- character can be affected by features of a place, for example the coast

physical geography
eg topography - shape of the landscape
- character can be affected by mountains, or it can affect the land use
- character affected by landscape, or it can affect economic characteristics such a money from natural resources

land use - human activities on the land
- directly affects character, rural for farming or urban, can also affect infrastructure
changes over time, deindustrialisation

infrastructure - aspects of the place built by humans
- affects character through high density buildings in urban places and low density in rural
- transport connections such as railways

demographic and economic characteristics
- who lives in a place, eg age
- sector of work (eg tertiary)

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13
Q

Exogenous factors that affect a places character

A

flows of people, resources, money and ideas

eg
- flows of investment - eg Nissan in Sunderland, affects land use and jobs

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14
Q

How globalisation is affecting character of a place

A
  • more interconnected
  • more transport
  • easier communication
  • more flows of money, people, ideas and resources
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15
Q

3 external forces

A

Government policies
International institutions
Decisions of TNCs

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16
Q

How have government policies affected Brick Lane?

A

After WW2, government encouraged immigration from commonwealth countries
- 41% Bangladeshi
- called Banglatown
- many curry houses

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17
Q

How have government policies affected Harrogate?

A

Affordable housing policies - at least 10%
- younger, lower class people move in

Limited impact - housing still expensive
Above national average at £446,000

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18
Q

How have international institutions affected Harrogate?

A

EU laws on free movement of labour - control migration
- increase in Eastern Europeans
- Sowa Polish shop

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19
Q

How have decisions of TNCs affected Brick Lane?

A

TNCs started to locate there - Pret A Manger
- sign of gentrification
- loss of culture

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20
Q

How have decisions of TNCs affected Harrogate?

A

Many TNCs located in Harrogate - H&M
- loss of independent stores
- leads to clone town and placelessness

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21
Q

Past connections in Harrogate

A

Spa water
- attracted wealthy people as treatment
- created many Georgian buildings in the town

Railway
- increased connections with rest of UK
- allowed tourism, boost economy

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22
Q

Present connections in Harrogate

A

Chain stores
- eg Pizza Express
- loss of independent stores - clone town

Tourism
- over 4 million in 2021
- spend money, boost economy

Cycling events
- Tour de France and UCI
- more outdoor activities cafes and shops
- attracts tourism, boost economy

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23
Q

Demographic characteristics of Brick Lane

A

in 2011 census
Population 12,578

  • 41% Bangladeshi origin
  • 41.5% Muslim

2021
- 47% Bangladeshi
- 40% Muslim

39% aged 20-39 (jobs available)

75% rent
47% born outside UK

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24
Q

Demographic characteristics of Harrogate

A

2021
White British population - higher than average - 96.1%

1.1 - 1.6% mixed
2011 to 2021

Ageing population
2011 - 2021
+ 23% aged 65+
Mean age from 43 to 47

75% own
10% born outside UK

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25
cultural characteristics of Brick Lane
curry houses Jamme Masjid Mosque (and changes) Peak in 2008 - 760 outlets selling international food such as Bangladeshi and Indian
26
cultural characteristics of Harrogate
changing due to migration - more polish people Sowa
27
deprivation in Brick Lane
2015 - 20% most deprived neighbourhoods in England 39% children in poverty (above average)
28
deprivation in harrogate
Rossett Ward 10% least deprived but nearby Woodfield in 20% most deprived
29
locale of Brick Lane
curry houses diverse culture - church, chapel, Jewish synagogue and Jamme Masjid mosque vibrant art and fashion scene - Old Truman Brewery, derelict to leisure and event spaces
30
locale of Harrogate
spa water - attracted wealthy residents cycling events - tour de france, attracted tourists and money 2013 happiest place to live
31
Demographic changes in Brick Lane
17th century influx of French Protestants Increased Bangladeshi Increased Muslims - Jamme Masjid Mosque, converted from synagogue More recently gentrification - younger, white people
32
Demographic changes in Harrogate
Change in age and ethnicity Ageing population - younger people can’t afford homes - above national average at £446k Impacts: - change in services to meet needs - more care homes - better NHS home services Increase in Eastern Europeans - more ethnically mixed 2011 - 2021 1.1% to 1.6% mixed (Still low)
33
Affects of flow of people in Harrogate (D+C)
demographic EU laws meant free movement of labour - migration of eastern europeans - increased Polish population - - more ethnicly diverse cultural - more languages spoken - Polish shop - more english courses
34
Affects of flow of money and investment in Harrogate (D+C)
demographic investment in new housing developments - government policy requires affordable housing - eg 250 new homes in Pannal - leads to younger, lower class residents - larger population
35
Affects of flows of ideas in Harrogate (D+C)
cultural - annual StrEat festival in valley gardens - brings international cuisine to local residents - - can influence eating habits
36
Affects of flows of people in Brick Lane (D+C)
demographic 17th century french protestants - Jewish - Bangladeshi - gentirifcation cultural - multi- ethnic community - more languages - religion causing land use change - Jamme Masjid mosque (was a synagogue) - food, famous for curry houses
37
Affects of flows of money and investment in Brick Lane (D+C)
demographic gentrification has forced some communities out - young Bangladeshi community, can't afford hoise prices cultural buisnesses in the area are changing, due to gentrification - curry houses to Pret a Manger - losing culture
38
Affects of flows of ideas in Brick Lane (D+C)
cultural restaurants established by migrant communities eg bagel shop, Jewish and curry houses, Bangladeshi
39
Flows of ideas and resources example - Thailand
making contraception free and accessible ideas - contraception use resources - more condoms demographic change - lower birth rate cultural change - more contraception use
40
what are cultural characteristics?
how people live their lives eg languages, foods and beliefs
41
what are demographic characteristics?
who lives in a place and what they are like eg age, gender, population size, ethnicity
42
quantitative sources representing Harrogate
- census data - IMD - house price data
43
quantitative sources representing Brick Lane
- census - IMD
44
qualitative sources representing Harrogate
- Lucy Pittaway - UCI painting - Anita Bowerman - cherry blossom painting - Lonely Planet, tour guide - stray ferret and bbc news
45
qualitative sources representing Brick Lane
- Sally Flood - poem - Adam Dant - counter mapping - Stik, graffiti
46
what does the census and IMD show about Harrogate?
IMD - Rossett Ward in 10% least deprived in England census - higher proportion of white British than average - 96.1% (94% in 22) - 2011, 14% no qualifications 90% born inside UK 75% own houses
47
what does the census and IMD show about Brick Lane?
IMD - in 20% most deprived in 2019 census - 2011 - 41% Bangladeshi - 41.5% Muslim 47% born outside UK 75% rent
48
what does the Adam Dant map show about BL?
map of Brick Lane and Spitafields - shows the culture, people and industries in the area eg Mosque + gives a sense of place + shows character of area - subjective, artist chose what to include - no key or scale, not accurate
49
what does Stik show about BL?
graffiti of a couple holding hands - shows merging of cultures and tolerance between religions + shows culture and diversity of area - subjective, one persons view - snapshot in time - not always had large Muslim population
50
what does Sally Flood's poem show about BL?
written in 80s 'breeding ground for discontent' 'mixture of aromatic spices, curries' + gives firsthand experience (lived experience) + contains negative views - subjective, one persons view
51
what does Lucy Pittaway's painting show about Hgate?
shows cyclist outside Betty's - positive representation (good weather and clean) + gives sense of place, shows locale (cycling) - subjective, one persons view - used for adverting/ selling, wouldn't give negative views, unreliable
52
what does the Lonely Planet show about Hgate?
tourist guide to Harrogate - shows the character of the area eg flower shows and gardens + gives sense of place - written for persuasion, exaggeration
53
what do newspaper articles show about Hgate?
Sam Butterworth - BBC News - harrogate voted as happiest place to live in Britain + gives sense of place + based on vote, many peoples opinions - opinions are subjective - ignores bad factors, such as drug gangs (stray ferret)
54
conflict in Brick Lane
in last 20 years conflict between Bangladeshi community and new comers (due to gentrification) housing companies demolishing flats and replacing them with upmarket properties - sold for profit - young members of Bangladeshi community cant afford new prices - changing demographic and cultural characteristics anti-gentrification protests - 2015 - threw paint at cereal killer cafe
55
conflict in Harrogate
in 90s conflict between local residents and council/ housing developers - due to proposals to develop land in Crimple Valley 'Save Crimple Valley Campaign' against developments as - increased flood risk, congestion and threats to wildlife - successful, plans removed
56
Factors affecting sense of place
Level of wealth Level of education Age Access to media Travel experience intensity of experience proportionate to attachment
57
What is place meaning?
How people perceive a place how they feel about it - positive or negative
58
3 external agencies that influence place meaning
Government Corporate bodies Community/locals
59
How do governments influence place meaning?
At national and local level Aim to attract people and investment Use place marketing, reimaging and rebranding
60
How do corporate bodies influence place meaning?
Organisation or group of people identified by a particular name Eg businesses and institutions Want to create positive perceptions - make it attractive to attract people Uses magazines, slogans, logos etc Tourist agencies - sell a place to people Travel companies (eg airlines) - want to sell a place to increase profit Eg Visit Harrogate
61
How do local people (community) influence place meaning?
Aim to improve perceptions to attract people and investment Boosts local economy Eg Harrogate Christmas Market Organised and managed by locals, sell Yorkshire products More involvement of locals in regeneration and rebranding Insider experiences and have to live with changes
62
Why is representation important?
How someone portrays a place to others Affects how people behave towards a place Many visit/ invest or avoid
63
What is place marketing?
How a place is sold to people To invest, visit or move there Done through websites, social media and logos to promote it Eg Lake District promoted as Adventure Capital Liverpool promoted as City of Culture 2008 Aim to attract investment and visitors
64
What is reimaging?
Changing existing negative perceptions of a place To create new positive perceptions Eg Liverpool
65
What is rebranding?
Discard negative perceptions Create new positive identity Involves reimaging and place marketing
66
Example of rebranding
Liverpool
67
Why did Liverpool need rebranding?
Port experienced industrial decline Lead to economic and social deprivation High unemployment - over 20% 1981 race riots - headlines, negative perceptions
68
How was Liverpool rebranded?
Reimaged industrial heritage through culture All aimed to attract visitors and investment Merseyside Development Coporation - reclaimed 4km2 derelict land - new houses and jobs - slogan ‘there’s life in the old docks yet’ Albert Dock - regenerated as tourist attraction - kept culture Museums, Tate Liverpool Capital of Culture 2008 Liverpool One - shopping centre 2008 - ranked 5th in spending in UK
69
Evaluation of Liverpool
+ Attracts up to 10 million tourists a year + Can rival nearby cities - Manchester + Maintained distinctive maritime culture + One of top 10 most visited UK destinations - caused conflict Regeneration focused on docks Still poverty and inequalities in centre such as Everton
70
Who was involved in the rebranding?
Liverpool Vision - urban regeneration company Involvement of public and private sectors
71
What is first space representation?
Quantitative analysis Empirically measurable data Eg demographic data on census
72
What is second space representation?
Qualitative analysis Subjective accounts of personal experience + captures sense of place in a way first space can’t
73
What is third space representation?
Quantitative and qualitative Best to show what a place is like and how it is experienced + most useful as more holistic view
74
Evaluation of quantitative data
+ objective and measurable + can compare over time - doesn’t give sense of place, less useful - statistics can be manipulated - many people don’t complete census
75
Evaluation of qualitative data
+ gives sense of place + can be firsthand experience - only show one persons point of view - subjective
76
big data
large sets of data can be analysed to show geogrpahical patterns eg census
77
geospatial data
data with locations attached can see spatial patterns in data - see relationships between people and place
78
flows of resources in harrogate
specialist dementia care units new care homes due to aging populations

Human Geography 🌃 (18 decks)

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