Urban Form

Question 1

What are pre-industrial cities?

Answer 1

Bath, York, Carcassone

Question 2

What are modern/industrial cities?

Answer 2

Leeds, Birmingham, Chicago

Question 3

What are post-industrial cities?

Answer 3

Tokyo, Las Vegas

Question 4

What are transport oriented cities?

Answer 4

HK, Detroit

Question 5

What are rapidly urbanising cities?

Answer 5

Nairobi, Mumbai

Question 6

What are socialist cities?

Answer 6

Prague

Question 7

What are the functional zones of pre-industrial cities?

Answer 7

Centre dominated by historical buildings, e.g. castles
and churches.
High class residential in centre.
Less clear delineation of residential and commercial
districts of modern cities.

Question 8

What are the functional zones of modern cities?

Answer 8

CBD
Residential zoning
Industrial zones

Question 9

What are the functional zones of post-industrial?

Answer 9

Multi-nodal
Less dominant CBD
Service sector-based industry

Question 10

What are the functional zones of transport oriented cities?

Answer 10

Public-transport orientated (PTO);
Develop along railway lines and main roads.
Intensive development near railway station.
Motor-based cities (MBC):
Development linked to major road network - urban
freeways.
Retail and offices locate away from the centre.

Question 11

What are the functional zones of rapidly urbanising cities?

Answer 11

CBD is the political and cultural centre.
HQ of TNCs may be present alongside hotels and
historic buildings (impact of colonialism).
Older industry next to transport routes.
Informal housing on marginal land

Question 12

What are the functional zones of socialist cities?

Answer 12

Homogenous blocks throughout.
Structured in neighbourhoods and districts:
Neighbourhoods - local services
Districts - high order shops and entertainment.
City centre contains prestigious buildings with a central square for socialist gatherings.

Question 13

What are the reasons for pre industrial cities urban forms?

Answer 13

Retained historic features as relatively unaffected by industrial developments.
Elite groups tend to locate in the centre, surround by lower socio-economic groups, including artisans - a worker in a skilled trade, e.g. leather goods, painted ceramics.

Question 14

What are the reasons for modern cities urban forms?

Answer 14

Similar activities and people group together - leads to homogenous areas dominated by a particular land use or social group.
Land values decline outwards from the CD which impacts what is built there.

Question 15

What are the reasons for the post industrial cities urban forms?

Answer 15

Urban mosaic - more chaotic structure with many smaller zones rather than one or two dominant zones. Due to a service-based industry that is less tied to one location.
Post-suburban with lots of peripheral developments and high-tech corridors/zones

Question 16

What are the reasons for transport orientated cities urban form?

Answer 16

PTO:
Tech
MBC:
Concentrated and integrated approach to minimise walking distance between
residential areas and transport nodes and interchanges
Mass motorisation in I 950s increased decentralisation of economic activity.

Question 17

What are the reason for rapidly urbanising cities urban forms?

Answer 17

Grown from colonial settlements without experiencing industrialisation as in European cities.
Recent rapid urbanisation and urban growth has altered the city. A lack of resources and control means urban form is unplanned and chaotic.

Question 18

What are the reason for socialist cities urban forms?

Answer 18

Follows principles of a class-less city where everyone lives in the same type of housing block, irrespective of location in the city,
Housing blocks located close to services are people were encouraged to walk.
City centre was dominated by political and administrative functions rather than
commerce.