Urban Forestry

Question 1

weak, narrow branch attachments with 2 equal diameter branches or stems often fail because of

Answer 1

bark inclusions

Question 2

T/F placement of face cut and hinge will control the direction of the tree falling

Answer 2

true

Question 3

large and low branches should be pruned early in life of tree because?

Answer 3

wait to long and large wounds will never seal over

series of smaller cuts will be easier for tree to manage

smaller branches means lot less work to cut safely and dispose of material

Question 4

critical minimum root plate protection zone for trees in Alberta is?

Answer 4

12-15 times the DBH of the tree

Question 5

tree defects and structural pruning technique

Answer 5

codom stems - choose central leader, prune competing stems to subordinate them

unbalanced canopy - use thinning or heading cuts to make crown proportionate

large low branches - prune early in life of tree

included bark - subordinate the less dominant branch

Question 6

T/F according to Alberta OHS workers felling trees must use wedges to aid in intended direction of fall

Answer 6

true

Question 7

young urban forest tree can be pruned how many times in the first 15 years in order to develop strong, sustainable structure?

Answer 7

as many as 5 times

Question 8

discoveries of nesting holes in a tree being inspected for safety indicates what?

Answer 8

decay is present

Question 9

when felling a tree, best angle of escape is?

Answer 9

45 degrees opposite of fall

Question 10

when inspecting sites for electrical hazards to tree care operations, potential hazards are?

Answer 10

chain link fence under transmission or distribution line

guy wire on power pole

communication cables

power poles

Question 11

between 1991 - 2016, tree workers are killed on average every how many days?

Answer 11

2 - 5 days

Question 12

most common injury area to a chainsaw operator is?

Answer 12

left thigh

Question 13

biggest reason arborists and forestry workers report fewer injuries compared to casual operators is due to?

Answer 13

professionals have more skill at operating chainsaws

Question 14

4 main safety features of chainsaws are?

Answer 14

chain brake, throttle interlock, wrist guard, chain catch pin

Question 15

first step in effective tree felling plan is?

Answer 15

inspect for hazards

Question 16

bore cuts are initiated with which part of chainsaw?

Answer 16

bottom tip of bar

Question 17

making use of strongest part of holding wood, hinge length shouldn’t be more than?

Answer 17

80% the diameter of tree

Question 18

hinge thickness is no more than?

Answer 18

10 - 15% of the diameter

Question 19

what are saw dogs?

Answer 19

spikes used to pivot the chainsaw into logs or tree being cut

Question 20

3 types of chippers are?

Answer 20

rotary drum, disc knife and mechanical drum

Question 21

5 step felling plan?

Answer 21

check for hazards

determine height and lean

escape route

notch and hinge

perform back cut

Question 22

2 ways electricity harms tree workers?

Answer 22

direct and indirect contact

Question 23

dynamic non-invasive tree support systems

Answer 23

cobra cabling

Question 24

prior to planting a tree that’s been in a container too long to better ensure its survival, you would?

Answer 24

slice an inch off the rootball from top to bottom on 4 sides with sharp spade or pruning saw

Question 25

root pruning results in better quality tree because?

Answer 25

root pruning causes denser root systems and more fibrous roots

Question 26

benefits of mulching around trees?

Answer 26

reduced soil moisture loss and temperature fluctuations reduced weed competition and soil compaction reduced stem damage due to lawn maintenance and weed whipping

Question 27

T/F best to avoid pruning live wood off a tree when leaves are forming of falling off

Answer 27

true

Question 28

best way to install a trench for irrigation system beside row of spruce trees?

Answer 28

use air trenching tools, air spades or air knife

Question 29

in regards to the global climate emergency and tree species selection and planting?

Answer 29

tree species that normally flourish will star disappearing new species from warm regions could begin growing more northernly

Question 30

hazard trees have?

Answer 30

structural defects that may cause the tree or parts oof the tree to fail where such failure can or could cause damage to property or personal injury

Question 31

when making planting decisions for the long term, selecting tree species properly involves?

Answer 31

species that have to potential to live the longest and are planted correctly and nurtured when they are young

Question 32

potentially destabilizing tree defects are?

Answer 32

girdling roots

Question 33

site constraints that have negative effects on tree root development are?

Answer 33

planted on south side of buildings with no irrigation or maintenance plan planted in highly compacted clay soils in front yards large maturing trees planted on a 4 lane highway trees planted in concrete vaults next to roads

Question 34

why do some large mature trees fail and fall over?

Answer 34

opportunistic fungi can invade wounds that frequently occur that are caused by people in order to colonize roots and trunks, causing decay and weakness

Question 35

things to look for in species selection?

Answer 35

what's the mature size and shape when fully grown species susceptibility to insects and disease maintenance plan required to care for plant does plant species have aesthetics needed to fit into design

Question 36

T/F iTree software tools for tree resource managers was created by the USDA

Answer 36

true

Question 37

what's a dendroclimatologist study?

Answer 37

effects of changing climates on there growth rings of trees

Question 38

symplast in a conifer can also be called?

Answer 38

sapwood

Question 39

distances between apical/terminal buds and bud scars from previous years indicates?

Answer 39

rates of growth from previous years any growth abnormalities general health of tree age of a young tree or age of branch on older trees

Question 40

axial and radial parenchyma cells 'balloon' contents into vessels blocking flow of sap, not only seals against moisture loss but its the first line of defence and decay causing pathogens, this action is called?

Answer 40

tylosis

Question 41

classification of trees that has the most bio diversity in terms of growth ring formation is?

Answer 41

angiosperms

Question 42

CODIT stands for?

Answer 42

compartmentalization of decay on trees

Question 43

the network of fungal connections is mycorrhizae, it resembles what?

Answer 43

the internet

Question 44

wall 4 of CODIT

Answer 44

strongest

Question 45

outer layer of crushed dead/dying phloem cells, helper cells and cortex is known as?

Answer 45

bark

Question 46

oak trees are?

Answer 46

ring porous

Question 47

vascular tissue that transports and circulates energy from source to sink thru the symplast is known as?

Answer 47

phloem

Question 48

T/F betula papyrifera is a good compartmentalizer because its ring porous

Answer 48

false

Question 49

mycorrhizae partnerships are good for tree survival?

Answer 49

they help trees absorb water they help absorb scarce minerals, especially phosphorus

Question 50

wall 3 in CODIT

Answer 50

resists spread of decay laterally

Question 51

wall 2 in CODIT

Answer 51

resists spread of decay inwards

Question 52

trees are like batteries, why?

Answer 52

because wood is the long term energy storage for the tree

Question 53

meristematic cells divide, then form various organs in a tree, this is called?

Answer 53

cell mitosis and differentiation

Question 54

upper most outer bud on a tree branch or root tip is called?

Answer 54

apical meristem

Question 55

how does mycorrhizae help trees?

Answer 55

by colonizing soil ahead of roots, open spaces for roots to grow and metabolizing minerals and water transporting back to the plants

Question 56

ring porous trees have large early wood vessels, 2 examples ring porous trees are?

Answer 56

oak and sea buckthorn

Question 57

knowing the life cycle of a tree relative to its energy reserves and the changing seasons is know as?

Answer 57

phenology

Question 58

T/F is it possible to inoculate soils with mycorrhizae using commercial products?

Answer 58

true

Question 59

vascular cambium produce what?

Answer 59

xylem and phloem

Question 60

T/F fertilizing and watering newly planted trees tends to prevent them from forming symbiotic bonds with beneficial mycorrhizae

Answer 60

true

Question 61

wall 1 in CODIT

Answer 61

limits vertical decay

Question 62

consequences of growing trees chemically rather biologically?

Answer 62

chemical fertilizers cause trees to be weaker and more susceptible to insects and disease fertilizers cause trees to grow more quickly herbicides and fungicides deplete the soil of friendly fungi and may cause plants to nt form mycorrhizal partnerships

Question 63

match cambium, phloem, xylem, radial and axial parenchyma to terms

Answer 63

cambium - primary meristem produce radial growth phloem - moves sugars thru plant xylem - moves water and minerals radial - runs perpendicular to growth rings axial - runs parallel to growth rings

Question 64

before staring a chainsaw you would?

Answer 64

check controls, tension, bolts and handles chain is sharp and tanks are full wear safety chaps for protection, footwear, gloves, helmet, hearing protection