Growing Facilities Flashcards
rule of thumb that greenhouses be kept how many metres away from unavoidable structures?
2.5m
what structure can be used for propagating plant material and overwintering plants
cold frame
a second application of film plastic between layers will?
decrease the rate of heat loss
what watering system is the most efficient for water indoor/outdoor crops
drip irrigation
most important control measure to take when recycling drain water?
filter and disinfect
most important reason to overwinter container stock in an insulated environment?
insulate roots and keep moisture in
which gable end structure allows for the best support for overhead equipment?
post truss
prevailing wind direction and velocity affect what in greenhouse planning?
ventilation, heating and loads
shade/lath houses can be used to modify which environmental components?
temp modification, reduce transportation loss and reduce light intensity
simplest way to store plants thru winter?
heeling in
why is it important to recycle water in a greenhouse?
efficient use of water, recycle nutrients, reduce impact on the environment
most common way to purify and disinfect water in a greenhouse
reverse osmosis
best bench arrangement that gives greatest amount of floor space with a fixed bench
peninsula
what will tree producers use to harden off trees that have been dug or transplanted during the growing season?
poly houses
most vital utility for successful greenhouse production?
water quality
what is important before placing plants in a microfilm tunnel?
plants are dormant and well watered
which glazing lasts the longest
tempered glass
total volume of greenhouse to unoccupied for adequate air circulation?
1/3
what’s is a live load?
wind, snow or crops
minimum distance a greenhouse should be from a shelter belt is?
30m
the method used to control the soil environment in the field?
organic mulch
Y/N are water collection pits essential to prevent groundwater contamination?
yes
dead load calculations would include?
steel framing members
to avoid excessive snow loads and provide safe distance if a tree fails, buildings should be placed?
2 times the height of tree or 20m
what glazing material is the most economical in cost and install?
co polymer
What is the term for shadows cast by structural components that result in crop exposure that is not uniform
static shadow
stratification is especially a problem with which style of greenhouse?
gothic arch
Y/N benches are cooler than the floor below them?
no
gutter connected greenhouses should be oriented what direction for maximum light transmission?
north and south
aluminium alloys main advantage over galvanized steel is?
light weight
concerns when growing in field soils?
weed problems
poly houses are primarily used for which species?
evergreens
crazing from hail impact is a common problem for which material?
fibreglass
when assessing a property what’s the main objective?
maximize environmental conditions
what tool can be used to monitor climate in an overwintering storage facility?
thermostat
glazing that allows primarily direct light transmission?
glass
Y/N aisle width in a greenhouse can vary from 45-120cm
yes
most important water source in the prairies?
dugouts
plants that are laid on their sides and piled to pre determined height would be placed in which storage structure?
microfoam tunnels
the distance from ridge to either sidewall of a greenhouse is equal in length, the greenhouse is?
evenspan
fertilization method commonly used in greenhouses?
fertigation
best time to till a filed?
in the fall
under row cover, warm season crops will what?
mature 1 - 2 weeks earlier
which organic mulch has the most advantages?
wood chips
when is the most effective time to control perennial weeds?
springtime
when are summer annual weeds best controlled?
in the fall
3 important practises used in IPM to maintain effective control of disease and insects?
education, monitoring and identification
a reason for post planting tilling?
to expose perennial roots and crowns to winter desiccation
how often should field soil be tested?
every 3 - 5 years
which nutrient is usually limited and leached easily from the soil?
nitrogen
when is the best time to work phosphorus into the soil?
prior to planting
slow release plus a liquid fertilizer should be used at what rate?
half the rate
the tiling depth for adding organic matter is?
10 - 12 inches
all fertilizers in Canada are sold as a what? it guarantees the minimum % of NPK
sold as a grade
water soluble fertilizers are used with?
fertilizer injector systems
what are the specific requirements for the breakdown of organic fertilizers in soil?
warm and moist soils
which micronutrient ism deficient on the prairies?
iron
how far away from the base of plants should side dressing be done to work the nutrients into the soil?
15 - 25cm
what’s a disadvantage of blended fertilizer?
limited to the nutrient ratios provided
a field soil deficiency of nitrogen would require what?
20 - 25lbs of nitrogen per acre
what percentage of bleach should be used to sterilize pots and containers?
10%
a broad spectrum disinfectant used in greenhouses?
vikron
how long to allow surfaces in greenhouse to dry after disinfecting them with 10% bleach?
24 hours
which environmental control system is least likely be automated?
watering systems
what product is used to disinfect and preserve wood benches n greenhouses?
copper naphthenate
indicators of carbon monoxide production in a greenhouse that can be seen in a CO2 burner is?
orange flame
what stage of growth is bottom heat as a temp control most valuable?
seedlings stage
carbon monoxide levels are toxic at what ppm to plants and humans?
500 - 50ppm
at standard crop height, where should a carbon monoxide sensor be placed?
at the canopy level
suspended particles and hard water present a problem primarily in?
drip irrigation
3 main components of an environmental control system are?
sensor, controller and process equipment
a fan system that includes an intake on one end to draw air in and shutters opening on the other end to create positive air flow is?
endwell exhaust
HAF stands for?
horizontal action fan
a system that is capable of reducing air temps inside the greenhouse below ambient outside temps is?
cooling
thermostat sensors for heaters should be placed at?
crop level
Y/N greenhouse applications for forced air systems are localized?
yes
T/F sensors should be shaded from direct sun, set in a vented sensor box and painted white to reflect heat and may have a small fan to draw greenhouse air over them?
true
