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LHAP 3rd > Irrigation > Flashcards

Irrigation Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the most expensive water to use?

A

potable

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2
Q

advantages of using potable water?

A

easiest, safest, reliable flow and pressure

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3
Q

what water source requires extra filtration?

A

grey water

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4
Q

how do we capture groundwater?

A

in wells

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5
Q

Y/N is groundwater the same quality?

A

no

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6
Q

other than tap water, which other water is considered potable?

A

groundwater

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7
Q

which water source do you need a license for?

A

ground and surface water

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8
Q

which water source may require aeration?

A

surface water

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9
Q

what’s the difference between natural pond water and a stormwater pond?

A

stormwater is collected from roadways/sidewalks where natural pond is a collection of surface water

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10
Q

how do we prevent stormwater from going into groundwater?

A

rainwater harvesting

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11
Q

which water sources tend to fluctuate?

A

surface and groundwater

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12
Q

what the source of capturing rainwater?

A

from rooftops

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13
Q

how does the irrigation industry indicate non potable water being used?

A

with a purple cap on the equipment

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14
Q

Y/N is reclaimed water ready to use for irrigation

A

no

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15
Q

what water has to used within 24 hours?

A

grey water

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16
Q

what type of water can only be used for subsurface irrigation?

A

grey water

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17
Q

definition of a block system?

A

block system is series of sprinkler heads that are all run by one controller and a valve at the beginning of each zone

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18
Q

what system takes a lot of manpower to operate?

A

coupler system

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19
Q

what system is the most efficient?

A

micro irrigation

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20
Q

system is used most of in golf courses?

A

valve in head

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21
Q

what system allows you to isolate a whole area of sprinklers?

A

block system

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22
Q

what’s thew purpose of installing a BFPD?

A

to prevent contamination of domestic water

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23
Q

what BFPD has to be installed on the sprinkler side of the system?

A

AVB - atmospheric vacuum breaker

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24
Q

what BFPD is specified by most Alberta municipalities?

A

double check

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25
Q

what BFPD cannot be pressure checked?

A

AVB, HCVB and dual check

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26
Q

what BFPD has to be installed above the highest sprinkler?

A

AVB, HCVB and PVB - pressure vacuum breaker

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27
Q

which BFPD is the best?

A

double check

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28
Q

what sprinkler is used for small areas?

A

spray heads

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29
Q

what sprinkler has low precipitation rates?

A

rotary heads

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30
Q

what sprinkler has to operate off high pressures?

A

rotary heads

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31
Q

what sprinkler has higher flow rates?

A

spray heads

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32
Q

what sprinkler is easiest to maintain?

A

spray heads

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33
Q

which sprinkler comes with a nozzle tree?

A

rotary heads

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34
Q

what is a PRS sprinkler?

A

pressure regulated sprinkler - regulated to a certain PSI

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35
Q

what’s purple indicate on a sprinkler cap?

A

non potable water

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36
Q

what’s the purpose of a check valve in the bottom of a sprinkler?

A

to prevent low end seepage

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37
Q

how does variable arc nozzle differ from a fixe spray nozzle?

A

patterns can be adjusted on variable arc where fixed nozzles don’t move

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38
Q

how does a rotator differ from fixed spray nozzle?

A

rotary heads move in a specific pattern where fixed don’t move

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39
Q

formula for precipitation rate of a full circle sprinkler spaced in square pattern?

A

PR = 96.3 x gpm / SxL

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40
Q

formula for a triangular pattern?

A

PR = (96.3xgpm)/(Sx(Lx.866))

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41
Q

formula for a part circle sprinkler?

A

Square spacing PR= ((96.3gpm)/(SL))*(360/arc)

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42
Q

what pipe is used where cultivation is required?

A

aluminium

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43
Q

what pipe has the lowest friction loss?

A

PVC

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44
Q

what pipe is the most flexible?

A

PE

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45
Q

what pipe is subject to frost cracking?

A

PVC

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46
Q

which pipe has the highest pressure rating?

A

HDPE

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47
Q

which pipe uses insert fittings?

A

PE

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48
Q

which pipe can only handle low pressures?

A

PE

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49
Q

what pipe is joined by fusion welding?

A

HDPE

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50
Q

which pipe is measured by outside diameter?

A

aluminium

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51
Q

which pipe is solvent welded together?

A

PVC

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52
Q

what is the SDR rating on a pipe?

A

standard dimension ratio

53
Q

what does 04 in PE1404 indicate?

A

hydrostatic design pressure multiplied by 100

54
Q

what does 160 or series 160 on PVC indicate?

A

maximum recommended operating pressure

55
Q

which is the least damaging to a landscape? trencher or vibratory plow?

A

vibratory plow

56
Q

2 pieces of info needed to size a pipe?

A

gpm and velocity

57
Q

how do you calculate static pressure?

A

elevation x .433

58
Q

dynamic pressure is determined by?

A

elevation, friction loss and pressure loss

59
Q

what’s the purpose of a bleed screw in an electric controlled valve?

A

to release built up pressure in the upper chamber

60
Q

what’s the purpose of the flow control knob?

A

to limit the amount that the diaphragm can open

61
Q

how does an electric control valve operate?

A

A solenoid turns off and closes the pressure by-pass port and allows pressure to build in the upper chamber. When the valve needs to close a magnet is activated in the plunger and is lifted and pressure is allowed to decrease in the upper chamber

62
Q

how is the pressure relieved off the upper chamber?

A

the plunger is lifted by the solenoid and pressure is released thru the by pass port

63
Q

what blocks the bypass port?

A

the plunger from the solenoid

64
Q

how does water get to the upper chamber?

A

thru the intake port

65
Q

what happens to the sprinklers if the inlet port is plugged?

A

water is unable to reach the upper chamber

66
Q

what manual valve os used on larger pipes?

A

butterfly valves

67
Q

where is the transformer on an outdoor controller?

A

it is built into the wire

68
Q

what voltage does the transformer drop down to?

A

under 30 volts

69
Q

what does the “C” mean on the terminal strip?

A

common wire

70
Q

what are coloured wires called?

A

field wires

71
Q

what’s the colour for common words?

A

white

72
Q

how is a valve wired?

A

The common is wired to either wire on top of the valve and then connected to the common on the controller and then the field wire is also wired to the valve and then wired to a zone spot on the controller

73
Q

what type of programming is used on small residential controllers?

A

stacked programming

74
Q

how are wire splices protected in an irrigation system?

A

with waterproof connectors

75
Q

what type of sensors can be installed in an irrigation control box?

A

soil moisture and rain sensors

76
Q

what 3 areas can filters be installed in an irrigation system?

A

inline, at the sprinkler heads and before the valves

77
Q

least expensive filtration system

A

mesh filter

78
Q

what filters should be used only for organic contaminants?

A

mesh and sand media filters

79
Q

what filter is used to remove mineral contaminants?

A

sand separators

80
Q

what filter systems are self flushing?

A

disc and sand

81
Q

where can pressure be regulated?

A

inline, at the sprinkler heads and valves

82
Q

where is the best place to regulate a sprinkler zone?

A

at the sprinkler heads

83
Q

what happens to sprinkler pattern if pressure is too high?

A

brown donut

84
Q

what if the pressure is too low at the sprinkler head?

A

green donut

85
Q

what would you use in a shrub bed if all plants have different water requirements?

A

point source emitters

86
Q

what would you use for a row crop where all plants are the same?

A

drip tape or drip tubing

87
Q

what’s a root feeder for?

A

trees

88
Q

difference between drip tape and drip tubing?

A

one is flat and one is round

89
Q

what extra components do you add to the star of a micro system?

A

BFPD, pressure regulator and filter

90
Q

constant for precipitation rate?

A

96.3gpm

91
Q

half circle represents?

A

arc

92
Q

degrees represent?

A

trajectory

93
Q

gpm represents?

A

water flow

94
Q

feet represents?

A

spray radius

95
Q

psi represents?

A

pressure in line

96
Q

best sprinkler placement in a turf area?

A

head to head

97
Q

which sprinkler hard to maintain?

A

rotors

98
Q

which sprinkler has both radius and arc adjustments in the cap?

A

rotors

99
Q

most inexpensive sprinkler?

A

spray heads

100
Q

which sprinkler needs a filter before the nozzle?

A

spray heads

101
Q

what sprinkler has a wiper seal that cleans the post as it moves up?

A

spray heads

102
Q

what sprinkler has low pressure rating?

A

rotors

103
Q

3 types of manual valves?

A

gate, ball and butterfly

104
Q

hardest sprinkler system to troubleshoot?

A

valve in head

105
Q

what system used in agriculture uses aluminium pipe?

A

agricultural spray heads

106
Q

which BFPD is attached to the hose bib?

A

HCVB

107
Q

which BFPD has 2 staggered check valves?

A

double check

108
Q

what is added to sprinklers in sports fields?

A

rubber caps

109
Q

filters that take silt and clay out of the water?

A

sand separators

110
Q

what sprinkler system allows for individual head control?

A

valve in head

111
Q

where is water available to the plant and between what storage terms?

A

in soil pores between field capacity and permanent wilting point

112
Q

what’s is plant available water?

A

amount available to the plant

113
Q

what is MAD and the default %

A

management allowable depletion, 50%

114
Q

how are catch cans placed in an audit?

A

in grid pattern

115
Q

how long do you run an audit of spray and rotor sprinkler heads?

A

3 - 6 mins spray
10 - 15 mins rotors

116
Q

good reading on solenoid?

A

between 20 - 60 ohms

117
Q

what pump needs to be primed?

A

centrifugal

118
Q

what pump is used n shallow water?

A

submersible

119
Q

what type of pump has a motor underwater?

A

vertical turbine

120
Q

what gauge of wire are used for light commercial/residential irrigation systems?

A

12 - 18 gauge

121
Q

the constant for total dynamic head TDH?

A

2.31ft/psi

122
Q

what indicates a broken pipe?

A

wet spots, puddles, low pressure and heads not coming up

123
Q

3 problems that can occur in an irrigation system?

A

mechanical, electrical, hydraulic

124
Q

what causes broken pipes?

A

freezing, frost cracking, shovels and high pressure

125
Q

when checking the controller where should a voltmeter be set?

A

VAC high end

126
Q

when checking the solenoid where should the voltmeter be set?

A

OHMs low end

127
Q

what voltage does a controller run off?what does that transform to?

A

30v

120v to 24 - 30v

128
Q

what happens when the sprinkler system if the intake port is blocked?

A

sprinkler don’t shut off

129
Q

what info do you need to calculate sprinkler run time?

A

plant water requirements, sprinkler performance and soil water holding capacity

LHAP 3rd (8 decks)

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