Urban Environments 6.6 Urban Challenges in the Developing and Emerging Worlds

Question 1

squatter settlements (4)

Answer 1

• people who migrate to cities from poor rural environments from poor rural areas often can’t find houses, so they build homes on the only land available
• this is usually in areas of no economic value, on the edge of town, along main roads or on steep slopes
• known as shanty towns
• often people build on land they don’t own or without permission, so they are known as squatter settlements or slums

Question 2

in what ways can shanty towns/squatter settlements be unsafe? (4)

Answer 2

• may be prone to flooding or landslides
• may be in heavility polluted locations
• may have fire, crime, spread of disease due to overcrowding
• often no pipe water or waste disposal

Question 3

what is the difference between underemployment and unemployment?

Answer 3

underemployment is when there are not enough jobs or the jobs that are available are inadequate, while unemployment is when people do not have jobs

Question 4

why is pollution such a problem in squatter settlements? (5)

Answer 4

• they lack piped water, proper sanitation and waste disposal
• the burning of fuelwood pollutes the air
• congested traffic causes air pollution
• manufacturers polute both air and rivers with their discharges
• smell, noise and visual pollution

Question 5

what is deprivation? (4)

Answer 5

• describes a low quality of life
• the standard of living below that of the majority of people in a particular city, region or country
• describes congested housing, lack of secure employment and polluted living environment
• also a lack of access to things such as proper diet, schooling, medical treatment, leisure and recreation

Question 6

Which variables does the The Quality of Life Index (QLI) take into account? (4)

Answer 6

• safety
• healthcare
• cost of living
• pollution