Development and Human Welfare 9.4 Uneven Development

Question 1

what are the three boundaries between the three levels of development? (3)

Answer 1

• developing country= less than 10 000$
• emerging country= 10 000$ to 30 000$
• developed country= more than 30 000$

Question 2

purchasing power parity (PPP) (2)

Answer 2

• this measure takes into account different currency exchange rates between countries
• gives a more accurate measure of GDP

Question 3

why are emerging countries making good progress along the development pathway? (4)

Answer 3

• a major force in driving economic development in these countries as been the global shift in manufacturing
• manufacturing companies that used to be located in developed countries have been attracted to emerging countries by pull factors
• the most important one has been the huge difference in labour costs, as those in emergent economies are much smaller than in developed countries
• so manufacturers will go where they will make the most profit

Question 4

Why have some countries barely started along the development pathway? (6)

Answer 4

• some become trapped in a cycle of economic stagnation
• misrule by undemocratic or corrupt government
• civil war
• lack of natural resources or energy supplies
• lack of education or trained labour
• lack of capital technology and enterprise

Question 5

Dependancy Theory

Answer 5

this theory suggests that low levels of development in poorer countries result from the control of the global economy by rich countries

Question 6

What does the dependancy theory suggest the uneven pattern of development has been encouraged by? (4)

Answer 6

• developed countries interfering with internal politics of developing countries
• unfair trade, where developing countries sell resources cheaply but buy expensive products
• the selling of non-essential products to developing countries
• developing countries becoming deep in debt as a result of laking out large loans from the developed world, but the trouble is that the loans need to be repaid and interest is charged while they are being repaid

Question 7

unevenness within countries (3)

Answer 7

• often economic wealth and development are concentrated in just one favoured region
• usually the region containing the capital or leading city (the core)
• this concentration leaves other regions poor by comparison (the periphery)

Question 8

what does the core-periphery theory state? (3)

Answer 8

• in the early stages of development cores grow at the expense of peripheries
• but later on, economic growth and wealth slowly spread outwards from the core
• so the periphery begins to pick up and the disparity between core and periphery becomes smaller