Urban drainage:

Question 1

Hydrographs in urban areas:

Answer 1

• Infiltration is low
• River discharge is low during drier periods
• Increase surface runoffs
• Short lag time and high peak discharge

Question 2

Catchment management (way of managing rivers and improving drainage systems) aims:

Answer 2

To minimise issues such as flooding, water polllution.

Question 3

2 main methods to manage river catchments:

Answer 3

Hard engineering: man made structures like dams to reduce flooding, can be more expensive and disrupt natural systems

Soft engineering: Trys to work with nature. Involves land use management e.g planting more trees to reduce floods. cheaper and can improve the local environment

Decisions are made by experts which can annoy locals as it will affect them the most

Question 4

SUDS:

Answer 4

Aim to imitate natural drainage systems rather than channelling water through pipes and drains

Decreasing floods, droughts and water pollution in urban areas

They are sustainable as they work with the environment

examples:

Vegetated trenches (swales): increase interception and retention basins store water. Increase infiltration and water storage which decreases flood risk

Containers and vegetated roofs