Urban - Developing Country

Question 1

Urbanisation

Answer 1

Process of leaving the countryside to live in towns or cities

Question 2

Reasons for increased urban growth

Answer 2

Increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates
Improved health care, longer life expectancies
Greater employment opportunities
Better paid jobs in cities
Better medical conditions in cities

Question 3

Problems with favelas

Answer 3

Built on steep, polluted, illegal land 
Poor/no sanitation
No healthcare
High unemployment
High crime rates, drug gangs 
No public services, regular rubbish collection

Question 4

Methods to improve favelas

Answer 4

New roads 
Storm drains built 
Construction of piped water supply 
Slum clearance
Rehousing projects - affordable housing
Self help schemes
Building toilet with proper plumbing, improve sanitation
Site and service scheme

Question 5

Self help schemes

Answer 5

Gov provides materials for free to improve housing if residents provide the labour
Money saved can be spent on infastructure, roads, water supply, electricity)

Question 6

Site and service scheme

Answer 6

Project to relocate residents
Brick houses with electricity, running water and sanitation pipes built
Services include rubbish collection, schools and health centers
‘slum to neighbourhood’

Question 7

Pacification

Answer 7

Police take back control of favelas
Gave drug dealers and gun traffickers warning to leave
Reclaimed street by street, searching houses and cars
Gangs forced out with machine guns - urban warfare
Made safer for town planners, social workers to establish social and economic development plans

Question 8

Transport problems

Answer 8

Too many people trying to access city for work (overcrowded)
Poor public transport (dangerous and takes ages)
Gov can’t afford to invest in infastructure (roads bad)
Severe congestion, noise and air pollution

Question 9

Transport management strategy - Bus Rapid Transit systems

Answer 9

By 2014 opened second one open
First one linked santa Cruz and Barra da tijuca, cutting travel times by 50%
New buses operating on 90% compressed natural gas
Transports more people more quickly

Question 10

Cycle lanes

Answer 10

Increased network of cycle lanes
Goal of 450km cycle grid by 2016
Added protected lanes and cycle paths throughout city
Install over 1300 bike racks since 2003

Question 11

Subway

Answer 11

Extension added in 2004 to link tourist areas

Further expansions proposed and new lines planned to allow a faster commute

Question 12

Buses

Answer 12

Buses are main mode of transportation in Rio
To help with overcrowding they are run more frequently during rush hours
Plans to install street meters to manage on street parking