Development And Health

Question 1

Social indicators

Answer 1

Life expectancy at birth - shows quality of sanitation and healthcare - UK 80 - Somali 55
Adult literacy rate - quality of education - UK 99% - Mali 26%
Avg No. Doctors per patient - level of health care - UK 3 - Ethiopia 0.03
Avg calorie intake - low = developing with uncertain food supply - UK 3440 - Zambia 1880

Question 2

Economic indicators

Answer 2

GDP - value of goods and services - UK $39.899 - Ethiopia $707
GNP - value of goods and services produced in country - UK $37.230 - Ethiopia $110
Energy used per person - coal, oil, gas - UK 5218.2 watts - Ethiopia 370 watts
GNI - how much money each individual would receive of divided everyone’s income equally - UK $38.500 - Ethiopia $380
Car owner ship per 1000 - indicates wealth - UK 516 - Ethiopia 3

Question 3

Problems using one indicator

Answer 3

1. Averages can be misleading, incorrectly counted, China
2. GNI can be inflated, oil, Kuwait
3. Averages don’t account for differences in urban & rural areas, doctors and education, Brazil
   Need to look at both for true picture

Question 4

Composite indicators

Answer 4

Human development Index (HDI) - combination of social and economic, produces figure between 0-1 (0.8 is developed)
Physical quality of life index - combination of 3 social, gives number between 0-100 (77 is developed)

Question 5

Differences in developing countries

Answer 5

Resources (Kuwait) - oil
Industry (South Korea) - offers cheap labour to investors
Health (Ghana) - malaria = struggling economy
Politics (Afghan) - gov spends money on military less for other services
Economy/Dept (Chad) - suffer drought can’t grow food
Relief (Nepal) - difficult to develop problematic to build
Natural disasters (Bangladesh) - gov spends all money on relief
Population (Uganda) - high pop growth limits as resources spread thinly (food, jobs, space)
Tourism (Thailand) - bring foreign money in

Question 6

How is malaria spread

Answer 6

Female anopheles mosquitos

Bite between dusk and Dawn

Question 7

Physical causes of malaria

Answer 7

Temperature between 14-40 high humidity
Altitude less than 3000 meters
Shade to digest
Stagnant water to lay larvae

Question 8

Human causes of malaria

Answer 8

Population increasing and traveling more
Blood reservoir
Poor drainage and sanitation spreads disease
Building reservoirs to lay larvae

Question 9

Recent example of vaccine

Answer 9

Malaria vaccine Kenya
13th of September
RTS
300000 in next 2 years

Question 10

Recent example of vaccine

Answer 10

Malaria vaccine Kenya
13th of September
RTS
300000 in next 2 years

Question 11

Strategies to eradicate mosquito

Answer 11

Infect coconuts with BTI bacteria 
Build damns 
Spray oil or egg whites on breeding ground
Fish 
DDT
Genetic engineering 
Sprinkle mustard seeds

Question 12

Strategies to get rid of stagnant water

Answer 12

Eucalyptus trees

Drainage of breeding ground

Question 13

Strategies to protect against mosquitos

Answer 13

Education programs 
Chloroquine 
Gauze 
Village over 1km 
Bed nets

Question 14

Primary health care

Answer 14

Bearfoot doctors 
Oral dehydration therapy 
Vaccination programs 
Clean water supply 
Local health centers 
Health education