Glaciation

Question 1

Nevé

Answer 1

Half way stage between snow & ice (granular)

Like a slush puppy

Question 2

Firn

Answer 2

More ice crystals than nevé

Gets compacted to for glacier

Question 3

Glacier ice formation

Answer 3

Snowflake ➡️ granular snow (nevé) ➡️ firn ➡️ glacier

Question 4

How do glaciers form

Answer 4

When snow remains in the same place all year round, year after year. It compresses crystalizing snow (nevé), grains get larger and larger squeezing the air out (firn) continued compression turns into glacier ice

Question 5

How do glaciers move

Answer 5

Gravity pulls down slowly
Due to weight and pressure of ice above lower layers can melt producing melt water
This adds lubrication helping glacier slide down
KNOWN AS BASAL SLIDING

Question 6

What causes glaciers to grow

Answer 6

More snow being added

Zone of accumulation

Question 7

What causes glaciers to shrink

Answer 7

When temperatures warm up
Water evaperates or flows out from snout
Zone of ablation

Question 8

Glacier erosion processes

Answer 8

Plucking
Abration
Freeze-thaw

Question 9

Plucking

Answer 9

When ice freezes onto rocks it’s moving over and rips them out
Creates jagged surface

Question 10

Abration

Answer 10

Carries rocks which scrape and scour the surface

Like sandpaper

Question 11

Striations

Answer 11

Large scrapes on rock surface from abration

Question 12

Freeze thaw

Answer 12

Water fills cracks during the day and freezes over night expanding by 9%. This repeats and weakens the rock and pieces break off

Question 13

Scree slopes

Answer 13

Slope of rubble created when glacier melts

Question 14

Formation of Corries

Answer 14

1. Snow collects I’m North facing slopes (greater protection from sun)
2. Snow builds up over years (nevé)
3. Snow compacts turning into glacier ice
4. Ice moves down hill, rotating due to gravity
5. Plucking on back wall making steeper
6. Abration deepens the hollow
7. Freeze thaw at top makes jagged
8. Rock lip, marks place of less erosion
9. Ice melts and some water my be trapped and create a small loch

Question 15

Arête

Answer 15

When 2 Corries are back to back creating a knife edged ridge

Cairngorms

Question 16

Pyramidal peak

Answer 16

When 3 or more Corries are back to back

The cuillins of Skye

Question 17

U-shaped valley

Answer 17

Formed when a glacier moves downhill down a V shaped valley.
Plucking and abrasion erode sides making U shaped valley
Once ice melted rivers flow through them again but too small the the wide valley so called MISFIT STREAMS

Question 18

Ribbon loch

Answer 18

Abration on the valley floor when bands of soft and hard rock result in the soft rock being eroded resulting in a dip. Once ice melted the water fills the dip

Or glacier pushes rocks and pebbles at the front and once ice melts water can be water can be stopped by the rocks (makeshift damn)
Highlands