Coasts

Question 1

Abrasion

Answer 1

Cliff faces worn away by rocks/minerals in waves hitting at force

Question 2

Solution

Answer 2

When salts & acids in water dissolve the rock

Question 3

Hydraulic action

Answer 3

Storm waves crash against cliff compressing air into. Joints in the rook, as wave receeds air is released with explosive force, this vibrates the cliff, makes joints bigger and breaks bits away

Question 4

Hydraulic action

Answer 4

Storm waves crash against cliff compressing air into. Joints in the rook, as wave receeds air is released with explosive force, this vibrates the cliff, makes joints bigger and breaks bits away

Question 5

Attrition

Answer 5

Rocks wear against each other as they roll over by the waves making them smaller and smoother

Question 6

Freeze thaw

Answer 6

Water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes over night and expands by 9% this forces the joint apart and over years chunks break off

Question 7

Headlands and bays

Answer 7

Form when alternating bands of hard rock and soft rock are at right angle to the sea
Soft rock eroded by waves
Hard rock more resident

Question 8

Wave cut notch

Answer 8

Waves break against foot of cliff and attack lines of weakness
Results in undercutting the cliff to form a wave cut notch

Question 9

Wave cut platforms

Answer 9

Notch enlargens untill cliff above collapses

Process repeats and the cliff retreats leaving at it’s base a gently slopping wave cut platform

Question 10

Erosion of cliffs

Answer 10

Weather weakens top of cliff
Sea attacks bottom of hard rock cliffs causing it to collapse
After collapse rubble carried away and wave cut platform is formed

Question 11

Long shore drift

Answer 11

Wave approaches beach at angle controlled by prevailing wind
Material carried down beach in backwash
Material moved up beach at angle in swash

Question 12

Sand bars and lagoons

Answer 12

Longshore drift transports material along coast
Sand bars = bay joining one headland to another
Beach shelters Bay from wave action, allowing lagoon to form behind it

Question 13

Tombolos

Answer 13

Island lying just off coast
Long shore drift carries minerals along coast
When wave direction changes LSD follows dominant wave and deposits minerals out to sea
Over time forms beach connecting the island

Question 14

Constructive wave

Answer 14

Low in hight
Limited energy
Strong swash and weak backwash
Builds up by dispositting materials

Question 15

Destructive waves

Answer 15

High power waves
Weak swash and very strong backwash
Erodes coastal lines by removing materials from beaches and cliffs

Question 16

Sand spits

Answer 16

Longshore drift transports materials along coast in direction of wind and waves. Materials shelter headland
Spits form when coastline changes direction. Materials gradually build up and outwards
Salt Marsh forms when spit hooks round as the shallow is sheltered