Urban and Rural Rebranding Flashcards
What percent of employment in rural areas is in sectors other than agriculture and tourism?
80%
What defines rural?
A settlement with <10,000 people
What is the name for the land immediately around cities?
Hinterland
What percent of the population live in rural areas?
17%, a 2.6% increase since 2011.
What is the change in % of the amount of people in the primary area in rural areas?
Down by 11%
What are the 4 reasons for primary workforce decline?
Tech developments reduce human labour
Rising scale of farms
Rise in factory farming
Year-round crops.
How are tech developments reducing the primary workforce?
Combine harvesters and other machinery.
Agriunity - cultivating crops using CO2 - one example being ICI Teesside.
How is the rising scale of farms reducing the primary workforce?
Farms have grown and small-scale farms have merged.
Supermarkets demand economies of scale.
How is the rise in factory farming reducing the primary workforce?
Not just livestock and birds, but now also salad vegetables - reducing traditional arable farming practices.
How is the growth in year-round crops reducing the primary workforce?
Demand for supply of certain crops year-round increased supply from foreign, cheaper suppliers.
What is the post-productive countryside?
Rural areas that don’t rely on the primary sector as their main income source.
What are the 7 challenges faced by the post-productive countryside?
Agricultural change
Decline in services
Lack of affordable housing
Depopulation
Poor transport infrastructure
Access to ultrafast broadband
Fuel poverty.
How is agricultural change a challenge?
Impact of mechanisation, foreign competition, reliance on foreign labour and climate change mean that local workers are less needed than before.
How is the decline in services a challenge?
Lack of economic viability has resulted in public and private services decreasing in communities.
How is lack of affordable housing a challenge?
Growth in commuter workers + second home owners push up house prices.
How is depopulation a challenge?
The younger and less affluent move away to the cities for better job opportunities.
How is poor transport infrastructure a challenge?
Limited or non-existent in some areas. This limits employment opportunities and access to services, and decreases QOL. Rural areas have a 20% higher use of cars.
How is access to ultrafast broadband a challenge?
Digital exclusion - loneliness for the elderly, hindering growth of new businesses, reduces QOL.
How is fuel poverty a challenge?
4% more households in rural areas a fuel poor than in urban areas. This is a bigger deal because they have a 20% higher use of cars.
What is rebranding and regeneration?
Rebranding - changing image and reputation through specific improvements
Regeneration - Long-term process improving economic and social conditions
What are the 5 rebranding themes?
Recreation
Heritage
Media
Event Management
Food and Produce.
What is NIMBYISM?
Not-In-My-Back-Yard-ism.
What are the positives experienced by Doc Martin, Cornwall through their rebranding process - a location for TV show?
27% increase in visitor numbers
Worth millions to local economy.
Village appearance improved with redecorations
Film company made multiple 50,000 payments to village.
Royalties used on facilities for local school
What are the negatives experienced by Doc Martin, Cornwall through their rebranding process - a location for TV show?
Disruption for locals
Road closures and traffic congestion
Visitors bring little to locally-owned businesses
House prices x4
In 2011 the council had to spend 475,000 on a new car park.
How are the challenges of a small community being addressed?
There are over 350 community run shops in rural areas, but 500 close every year.
Since 2022 an average of 22 open each year.
A village in Norfolk converted an old phonebox into a defibrillator.
Areas also suffer from out-migration.
What are Community Land Trusts?
CLTs manage pressure of counter-urbanisation.
Launched in UK in 2015 in response to loss of services and high house prices as counter-urbanisation changes the area.
What do Community Land Trusts do?
Manage homes as long-term housing investments.
Have the power to sell and rent property - only own up to 30% of the property though.
What are some policies used to restrict second-home ownership?
Remove council tax subsidy on second homes or add a tax for it.
Provide financial assistance to first-time buyers, and build houses designated for them.
Place quotas on second-home building.
How can Foreign Direct Investment help with regeneration?
Regenerating areas that have a loss in primary activity.
Investors from the USA are proposing to transform a former mining site in Derbyshire into a leisure facility - creating 1,000 new jobs.
What are the 6 reimagine techniques?
Promoting business advantages
Development of stadia
Promoting cultural quarters
Festivals
Industrial heritage
Flagship developments.
What was the origin of culture-led regneration?
The Guggenheim museum in Bilbao, Spain. This led to the European City of Culture designation, which Liverpool and Glasgow are awarded.
How has Bradford reimaged itself?
Opening up the Museum of Photography, Film and Television and has achieved the UNESCO City of FIlm status - financial gains have incentivised further regeneration.
How has Digbeth, Birmingham reimagined itself?
Was home to the original Birds Custard Factory - in 1993 was restored and now is home to over 100 businesses - over 1200 jobs created.
