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MSK-alaa > Upperlimbs > Flashcards

Upperlimbs Flashcards

1
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Coracobrachialis, brachialis,biceps brachi

BBC

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2
Q

What is olecronian bursitis how does it occur? & how is it treated?

A

Inflammation of bursa due to trauma or friction.
Aspiration, injection, surgery
(students elbow)

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3
Q

Name that muscles that cause flexion of the elbow.

A

brachialis,
biceps brachi
brachioradialis (innervates by radial nerve)

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4
Q

Where does the brachial artery lie in relation to the median nerve in the upper arm and cubital fossa?

A

In the upper arm: medial to the median nerve In the cubital fossa: lateral to the median nerve

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5
Q

What is the name given to the ‘ syndrome’ described when the ulnar nerve is compressed at the elbow?
What symptoms do u get?

A

cubital tunnel syndrome.

*Numbness and tingling in the hand and fingers

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6
Q

What is most likely to be eroded in osteoarthritis?

A

Articular cartilage> bomes will rub against each other

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7
Q

what differs in head of ulna and head of radius?

A

the head of ulna is located at the boottom,

the head of radius is located at the top

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8
Q

name the part on the condyle of the humerus where the ulnar bone and radius attach

A

radius»capitilum

ulnar» trochlea

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9
Q

differences btw anatomy of radius and ulnar

A

radius slightly twisted, its head is at the humeroradial joint. it enlarges as it goes down. it can rotate!

ulnar is not twisted, its head is at the……., it gets smaller as it goes down. cannot rotate!

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10
Q

what movement is flexion of wrist?

A

downwards

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11
Q

What r the joints of the elbow, how many r there, what type of joint r they?

A

1- ulnohumeral~hingejoint
2-radiohumeral~ball &;socket
3-uknar radioulnar joint~trachoid

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12
Q

What is cubitus varus ? Valgus? which on is a functional problem?

A

varus: elbow out
Valgus: elbow in, functional problem bc the ulnar travels just posterior the the MEDIAL epicondyle, in values, the ulnar nerve is stretched

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13
Q

What is most common cause of elbow dislocation? What direction is it most common in? What group of people is it most common?

A

FOOSH-fall onto outstretched hand

Usually posteriorly

Adults and children

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14
Q

What is the ‘sail sign’

A

Raised anterior fat pad on elbow radiograph

(Fat pad sign) black colour on xray

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15
Q

Mother swing baby around from his hands, baby suddenly cries,and doesnt move his hand, what could have happened? How will the child present?

A

Nursemaids elbow

Not using his arm

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16
Q

What is osterarthrisits?

A

Damage to articular cartilage (degenerative disease)

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17
Q

How would a patient with elbow arthrisis describe the pain?

A

Stiffness

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18
Q

How does osterarthritis differ from rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Rheumatoid» systemic autoimmune disease

Swollen inflamed synovial membrane

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19
Q

What deformity is described as the “students elbow?”

A

Olecronian bursitis

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20
Q

teenager comes in and experiences tenderness in the anatomical snuff box region after a fall, what type of fracture could this be?

A

SCAPHOID fracture

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21
Q

Which type of wrist fracture is slow in healing and explain why?

A

Scaphoid, bc blood supply to yhe scaphoid is poor

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22
Q

A 60yr old lady comes in feeling a tingling sensation in fingers & they feel numb? What does she most likely have? How can u treat this?

A

Ulnar nerve neuropathy
‘Cubital tunnel syndrome’

Treatment
Splintage
Decompression

23
Q

ulnar is bigger________

radius is bigger_________

A

proximally

distally

24
Q

what attaches to the ulnar tuberosity?

A

brachialis tendon

25
Q

the radial head attaches to which condyle?

A

lateral epicondyle

26
Q

how does the arrangements of the ulnar and radius differ in pronation and supination

A

supination>they r parallel

Pronation> the radius crosss diagonally

27
Q

name the parts of the brachial plexus

A

Real Teens Drink Cold Beer

roots>trunk>divisions>Cords>Branches

28
Q

which ligament stabilzes the radio-ulnar joint

A

angular ligament of radius

29
Q

the olecronean is part of which bone?

A

head of ulnar

30
Q

what is the significance of the sacciform recess?

A

provides a reserve capacity for the pronation & supination of the forearm.

31
Q

which joints, ligaments and name the axis route through with pronation and supination of the for arm occurs

A

-proximal radioulnar joint functions together w/ the distal radio-ulnar joint interlinked with the interosseous membrane.

axis runs from the humeral capitulum>centre on radial articular fovea> styloid process of ulna

32
Q

how many carpal bones do we have?

A

8 carpal bones

33
Q

perform dorsi flexion and palmar flexion of the hand

A

yalla do it

34
Q

scaphoid fractures r most common in what age group? what about distal radius fracture?

A

scaphoid> young ppl (sports injury)

distal radius> 80% post menopausal women

35
Q

most common type of distal radial fracture?

A

colles fracture, dorsi flexion pronated wrist

36
Q

where is the anatomical snuff box? how is it related clinically?

A

look at pic, in scaphoid fracture u feel tenderness at that point

37
Q

What is accumalatimg in Gouty Trophi? Why is this so? Which areas do they most commonly occur in? how is it treated?

A

Urate crystal deposition
Due to disorder of nucleic acid metabolism leading to hyperuricemia
Ear, achilles tendon, elbow
medication (rarely surgery)

38
Q

Describe the different fractures that r classified in each-
~acute/trauma
~chronic/degenerative

A

Acute/trauma > elbow dislocation,supracondylar fracture, radial head/neck fractures, pulled elbow, distal radial fractures (colles & smith), scaphoid fracture

Chronic/degenerative> osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gouty tophi, ulnar neuropathy. later and medial elbow tendinopathy, olecranon bursitis

39
Q

a man get angry and punches the wall, which fracture is he most likely to get? describe th most common area for this fracture

A

boxers fracture,neck of 5th metacarpel.

40
Q

name the anterior muscles of the arm

A

biceps brachi >(inserts radial tuberiosity)

brachialis(ta7ta minkhash, laish 7a6ny ta7ta, it got Upset ya3ny Ulnar tuberosity il insertion mall)

41
Q

what limits extension of ur elbow?

A

the way the olecronian is designed, when u extend ur elbow., the olecronean gets in the olecronian fossa and limits hyperextension

42
Q

what gives stability to the elbow?

A

capsule, ligaments, muscles

43
Q

what r the ligaments of the elbow?

A
  • medial collateral (3 parts to it)
  • lateral collateral (2 from lateral epicondyle to radius and other ulnar)
  • annular ligament (radio-ulnar connection)
44
Q

which joints permit pronation-supination of elbow joint?

A

radio-ulnar joint

45
Q

some kids r born with a disorder where their radio is stuck together with the ulnar. will they still be able to perform supination-pronation movement? why?

A

yes, bc the shoulder can compensate for the moveement.

46
Q

main flexor of the elbow joint

A

brachioradialis

47
Q

Which structure lies immediately anterior to the brachial artery and the median nerve in the cubital fossa?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis This structure, which comprises collagen fibres radiating from the distal part of the biceps tendon, passes obliquely across the cubital fossa and merges with the fascia covering the flexor muscles in the medial side of the forearm. It provides some protection to the brachial artery and the median nerve.

48
Q

What is the anatomical relationship of the ulnar nerve to the bony landmarks of the distal humerus? Where can it be palpated?

A

The ulnar nerve at the elbow passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus in direct contact with the surface of the bone.

49
Q

What is the name of the tunnel through which the ulnar nerve passes to enter the forearm? Which structures form this tunnel?

A

The ulnar nerve passes through the cubital tunnel to enter the forearm; this is formed by the tendinous arch joining the humeral and ulnar heads of the attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris.

50
Q

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow can result in numbness and a tingling sensation in the ulnar half of the palm and dorsum of hand, and the ulnar 1½ digits on both palmar and dorsal aspects of the hand. What clinical term is used to describe the abnormal sensation of ‘pins and needles’? What name is given to the ‘syndrome’ described when the ulnar nerve is compressed at the elbow?

A

Paraesthesia (anaesthesia is loss of sensation and is incorrect). Cubital tunnel syndrome

51
Q

What is olecranon bursitis and how does it occur?

A

Olecranon bursitis is inflammation and swelling of the bursa between the skin and the olecranon process of the ulna. It is usually due to repeated minor trauma e.g. learning with ones elbows on the desk and studying for hours and hours (!), in which case the contents are just serous fluid. Treatment is conservative with compression bandaging +/- aspiration. A hydrocortisone injection is sometimes necessary in chronic cases. Alternatively the bursa may become infected, usually due to a minor penetrating injury. Aspiration, compression and antibiotics are required. Occasionally surgical drainage and washout under anaesthetic is needed.

52
Q

A 68 year old woman presents to her GP with a six-week history of a painless lump in her left axilla. 
On examination, the GP detects lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes). What else will the GP need to examine and why?

A

The (left) breast and upper limb The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and upper limb.
Cancerous cells may invade the lymphatic vessels and metastasise to the axilla, producing enlargement of the lymph nodes

53
Q

The woman is referred to the breast clinic where she undergoes mammography, biopsy and a CT scan. A carcinoma that has invaded the chest wall posteriorly is diagnosed. Which muscle would have been invaded first by the cancer? State the neural innervation of this muscle, including root values.

A

Pectoralis major

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C7, C8, TI)

MSK-alaa (16 decks)

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