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MSK-alaa > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What prevents humorus from sliding out of its pocket (glenoid cavity)

A

The 4 short muscles,

  • subscapularis
  • supraspinatos

Posterior

  • infraspinatos
  • teres minor

ALL converge at the humorus as flat supporting tendons to form a continuous cuff called a rotator cuff

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2
Q

What 2 muscles border the axilla?

A

Latisimus dorsi & pectoralis major

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3
Q

Where do the veins and arteries travel in relative to the scalene muscle

A

Veins run in from of the anterior scalene while arteries run behind it

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4
Q

Describe the different names that vessels change into in order, do their structures change as well?

A

Subclavian» axillary» brachial

No

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5
Q

Cephalic vein arises from which vein?

A

Axillary vein

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6
Q

Basilic vein arises from what veins?

A

Brachial vein

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7
Q

What r the divisions of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Radial, (the centre one) and axillary

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8
Q

The axillary nerve arise from which nerve?

A

Posterior cord

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9
Q

Where does the axillary start?

A

At the lateral border of the first rib

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10
Q

When dies brachial artery end

A

At the elbow joint

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11
Q

What r stabilizers of the glenohumarol joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

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12
Q

Which ligaments limit upwards movement of the humerus?

A

The coraco-acromial arch!

-acromiom
-caracoid process
Caraco acrmial ligament

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13
Q

What is the benifit in the axillary recess of the joint capsule?

A

It sags down, amd this fold provides a reserve capacity useful durimg ABDUCTION mkvemnts of the arm.

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14
Q

joints of shoulder (3 true) (2 functional articulations

A

Sternoclavivular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumarl joint

Subacromial space
Scapulothoracic joint

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15
Q

What forms the rotator cuff?

A

SITS

supraspinatos
Infraspinatos
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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16
Q

What is the first bone to ossify?

A

Clavicle

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17
Q

Which nerve is mostly likely to be damaged in a mid-shaft humeral fracture. why?

A

Radial, bc it runs in the radial groove on the POSTERIOR surf of the shaft

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18
Q

Which muscles r responsible for abduction if the arm from 0-15 degrees? 15-90? 90-180?

A

Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Trapezius/ serratus anterior

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19
Q

What muscle does axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid & teres minor

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20
Q

What innervates serrtaus muscle?

A

Long thoracic nerve (c5,6,7)

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21
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion and orginin

A

“Pectoralis minyyyy» ribs 5, 4 &3!

Corocoid process

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22
Q

Which shoulder joint is th emost commonly doslocated joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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23
Q

What stabilzes the glenohumeral joint?

A

Joint capsule, glenohumeral ligaments, glenoid labrum,negative intra-acular pressure,extracapsular ligamenets

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24
Q

What r the muscle stabilzers of the shoulder joint

A

-rotator cuff
-biceps brachi
-

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25
Q

Where is the bursa on the shoulder joint located? What is its function

A

Subacromion bursa, reduces friction btw tendon of the supraspinatous and acromion.

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26
Q

Which direction of shoulder dislocation is the msot common?

A

Anteriorly.

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27
Q

Which nerve is most likely to be damaged in a genohmrol dislocation

A

Axiallry artery.

28
Q

In treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation, how do u know the patients shoulder is back again

A

If the patient can touch the opposite shoulder

29
Q

What could be a common cause of shoulder dislocation in elderly?

A

A tear in the roatator cuff muscles

30
Q

Examples of anterior shoulder dislocation in athletes

A

Rugby, when someone oushe u too hard from in front

31
Q

When do posterior discloations usually occur?

In what position would the patient typically hold his arm?

A

Results from forceful contractions of the roator cuffs In seizures and electric shocks

  • Patients present with arm internally rotated and adducted.
32
Q

What is the function of the corocoacromial arch?

A

Stabilise humeral head in glenoid cavity (chna shade) & limits upward movement of of humerus

33
Q

Which parts of the brachial plexus lie underneath the clavical?

A

Divisions

34
Q

Where in the brachial plexus does the radial nerve arise from?

A

Posterior cord

35
Q

What nerves arise from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A
  • radial nerve
  • axillary nerve
  • upper and lower subscapular nerve
  • thoracodorsal nerve
36
Q

Where in the clavicle do most clavicular fractures occur?

A

Middle third

37
Q

What anatomical structure is bound to the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

Joint capsule

38
Q

What is calcific supraspinatos tendonitis? In what case can this lead to ‘subacromial impingment? How many weeks does it take to resolve?

A

Calcium hydroxyapitite deposits in the rotator cuff.
if person abducts the arm, it can impinge on it and cause pain&raquo_space; if it bursts, u get ACUTE CALCIFIC TENDONITIS!
-1-2 wks

39
Q

what is Osteoarthrisits?

what happens during rheumatoid arthritis?

A

erosion of articular cartilage.

-synovial membrane that lubricates and protects the joints r inflamed,
pain and swelling follows

40
Q

What is the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)

A

is the set of bones which connects the arm to the axial skeleton on each side. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid

41
Q

During a clavicular fracture, what pull the medial portion of clavicle up?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

** POSTERIOR DISLOCATION IS EASILY MISSED ON A XRAY,

A

just saying ;p

43
Q

What type of pain do u get in impingment?

How do u treat it?

A

Low painful arc

44
Q

What is the main reason the glenohumeral joint is so u stable?

A

The humeral head is disproportionately larger than the glenoid cavity

45
Q

why would there be a poor wrist and finger extension if radial nerve is damaged?

A

injury to the radial nerve would cause paralysis in the brachioradialis and all extensor muscles of wrist and fingers

46
Q

a patient comes in with her radial nerve damaged, how will u expect the position of her wrist to be?

A

wrist drop, unable to extend the wrist.

47
Q

What anatomical feature of the shoulder joint makes the humeral head relatively prone to dislocation?

A

The glenoid fossa (cavity) is shallow.

joint is weakly strengthened on its INFERIOR aspect.

48
Q

What is the most common direction of dislocation and why? In what position would the patient typically hold his arm?

A
  • head of the humerus dislocates inferiorly, but displaces in an ANTERIOR due to the pull of the muscles
  • The arm would be externally rotated and slightly abducted.
49
Q

What complications may occur after anterior dislocation of the shoulder?

A
  • axillary nerve damage
  • brachial plexus damge
  • axillary artery damage
  • recurrent shoulder dislocation (again -.-)
  • bankart lesion
  • hillsachs lesion
  • rotator cuff injury
50
Q

what is a bankart lesion? hill sachs lesion? what r these complication of?

A

avulsion in the Anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder

hills»a dent at the back of the humeral head (postrolateral)

Anterior shoulder dislocations

51
Q

function of red bone marrow and erythropoietin? where & when is it produced? give an example in CHD where EPO is produced in high levels

A

red bone marrow produces RBC’s ( eythropeosis)
Kidney produce epo when o2 levels r low.
epo> stimulate RBC production

52
Q

What is a joint?

A

A joint or articulation or arthrosis is a point of contact

  • between neighbouring bones, -between cartilage and bones,
  • between teeth and bones.
53
Q

What are the three main components of all synovial joints?

A
  • Articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage, separated by joint cavity
  • Synovial membrane (lining cavity) that secretes synovial fluid
  • Protective capsule surrounds joints.
54
Q

what is the significance of giving the hormone ‘relaxin’ to pregnant women

A

it relaxes her pelvic joints at the end of pregnancy

55
Q

how does aging effect the joints?

A
  • synovial fluid prodcution decreases
  • thinning of articular cartilage
  • shortening of ligaments & decreased flexibility
56
Q

What are the six movements of the scapula? Which are the principal muscles that produce each movement?

A

Protraction – Serratus anterior
Retraction – Middle fibres of trapezius; rhomboids
Elevation – Upper fibres of trapezius; levator scapulae
Depression – Gravity and lower fibres of trapezius
Lateral rotation/upward rotation – upper and middle fibres of trapezius Medial rotation/downward rotation – Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

57
Q

how do u treat glenohumeral osteoarthritis?

A
  • analgesia and excretes
  • steroid injection
  • joint replacement
58
Q

how can u treat a tear in the rotator cuff? in what age group is this more common in?

A

cuff is not repairable, perform reverse anatomy replacement.

59
Q

which tendon from the 2 biceps runs along the inter tubercular groove?

A

long head of biceps brachii

60
Q

u ask a patient to slowly abduct their arm, from approximately 90 degrees􏰉, the limb suddenly drops to the side in an uncontrolled manner. what could be the problem?

A

the supraspinatous tendon is torn.

61
Q

What is ‘painful arc’? in what cases may this pain be present?

A

pain on abduction of the arm from a 60-120 degrees. movement will be restricted in this area.

-a disorder in the subacromial space» ex: calcific supraspinatous tendonitis, subacromial bursitis

62
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane joint

63
Q

What type of joimt is not a synovial joint?

A

Gomphoisis ( its a fibrous joint)

64
Q

Where is the ‘anatomical neck’ of the humerus? What anatomical structure is attached to it? What is its significance in a child?

A

articular capsule of the shoulder joint.

-marks the region of the epiphyseal growth plate during the growth in length of the humerus.

65
Q

In a proximal clavicular fracture, auscultation of the chest must be performed and a chest X-ray may also be needed. What rare but important complication needs to be excluded?

A

Pneumothorax due to proximity of apex of lung to middle third of clavicle

MSK-alaa (16 decks)

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