hip and pelvis Flashcards
what is a hernia?
a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it
which muscle pulls the kneecap into its groove?
vastus medialis (part of quadriceps femoris)
what causes a trendenburg gates?
s.gluteal nerve gluteus medius
where is the safest site to insert an IM injection?
dorsogluteal site>>children over 3 years Ventrogluteal site>> over 7 yrs ***
how do u locate the ventrogluteal site?
place the palm of ur hand on the greater trochanter of the femur a& point ur thumb towards the ingual region and ur index finger towards the ASIS, spread the middle and index fingers to make a V and i jet btw the PIPJ of ur fingers into the gluteus medius
Name the three main extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint and state their function.
-iliofemoral>>most strongest! limits adduction -pubo-femoral -ischiofemoral
what is the strongest ligament of the human body
iliofemoral ligament.
Why, anatomically, is hip extension limited to only about 15°?
during hip extension, the action of the joint capsule ligaments r like twisted ropes, they push the femoral head more into the acetabulum, but during hip flexion, they unwind themselves becoming more loose & gives more hip mobility
describe the beauty of the hip joint capsule ligaments
during hip extension, the action of the joint capsule ligaments r like twisted ropes, they push the femoral head more into the acetabulum, but during hip flexion, they unwind themselves becoming more loose & gives more hip mobility. **the combination of these amazing ligaments make hip dislocation VERY RARE, but those who have undergone hip replacement, their hip joints r at least partially vacuum, so they can implant the prothesis, which makes risk of dislocation.
describe blood supply to the head of femur?
-lateral and medial circumflex A. -Artery of the ligament of head of femur -
describe the structure of the acute bleum labrum
its made of connective tissue and fibrocartilage
describe blood supply to the head of femur?
-lateral and medial circumflex A. -Artery of the ligament of head of femur -
the lateral and medial circumflex A. arises from the________artery
Deep thigh A.
What is the principal function of the gluteus maximus muscle and the iliotibial tract?
Maximus is not active during standing walking
what causes trendenburgs gait?
weakness or parlays pf the small gluteus muscles (gluteus medius and minimum), the pelvis can no longer be stabilised and is tilted towards the unaffected side.
actions of Gluteus Maximus
upper fibers=abduction lower fibers= adduction
what causes trendenburgs gait? what causes this? how will patients present
weakness or parlays pf the small gluteus muscles (gluteus medius and minimum), the pelvis can no longer be stabilised and is tilted towards the unaffected side. -superior gluteal nerve injury is a major factor in this GAIT. they will tilt towards the affected side, to keep the gravity over the stance leg>> COMPENSATED TRENEDELBURG
where is the important blood supply of the femoral neck located?
on the postrio-superior aspect of the femoral neck.
what is the maain blood supply for the dome of the femoral head?
medial femoral circumflex A. (leteral epipheseal A)
what is Avascular necrosis?
death of segment of there bone
what is sub capital fracture
(femioral neck fracture)
Types of hip fractures
What is the function of the femoral canal?
The empty space allows distension of the adjacent femoral vein, so it can cope with increased venous return, or increased intra-abdominal pressure
What is the unhappy triad
Medial meniscus, bc it is firmly attached to the medial collateral ligamet and joint capsule.
So if ligament tears, it pulls meniscus with it
Meniscal tears are common injuries, particularly amongst footballers. Which meniscus is most commonly torn and why?
Medial meniscus, bc it is firmly attached to the medial collateral ligamet and joint capsule.
So if ligament tears, it pulls meniscus with it
blood supply of fermoral head
