Upper Respiratory Tract (URT) and Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

What are the roles of the larynx? (2)

A

Voice box = A set of cartilages, membranes and ligaments which produce sound from expired air.
Protection = protects the inlet to the respiratory system

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the larynx become the trachea?

A

C6

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4
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

Trachea
Main/principle/primary bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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5
Q

Where does the LRT receive motor innervation from?

A
  • Sympathetic fibres originating in the upper thoracic spinal levels via pulmonary plexuses.
  • Parasympathetic fibres from the vagus nerve.
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6
Q

Where is the pulmonary plexus located?

A

The termination of the main bronchi

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7
Q

How does sensory supply reach the spinal cord?

A

Via sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

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8
Q

What is the arterial supply of the LRT?

A

Via bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta and intercostal arteries.

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9
Q

Explain the venous drainage of the LRT?

A

Bronchial veins drain to the azygous venous system

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10
Q

What is the vertebral level of the trachea?

A

C6 - T4

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11
Q

Where is the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

T4

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12
Q

What is the V-shaped cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea called?

A

Carina

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13
Q

Approximately how many cartilage rings are then in the trachea?

A

16 - 20

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14
Q

What muscles completes the tracheal ring posteriorly?

A

Trachealis muscle

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15
Q

What organ lies immediately posterior to the trachea?

A

Oesophagus

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16
Q

What lies immediately lateral to the trachea at the neck?

A

The common carotid arteries

17
Q

What nerve lies immediately lateral to the trachea on both sides?

A

Vagus nerve

18
Q

What do you call the grooves lying between the trachea and the oesophagus left and right?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal grooves

19
Q

What is lodged in the tracheao-oesophageal grooves?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

20
Q

What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply?

A

Motor and sensory innervation to the larynx

21
Q

How is the right bronchus different to the left?

A

Shorter
Wider
More vertical

22
Q

In which bronchus are you more likely to find aspirated objects and why?

A

Right
- It’s more vertical

23
Q

How does the right primary bronchus divide?

A

Gives of superior branch before entering the lung.
Posterior branch enters lung before diving into secondary bronchi.

24
Q

What is the name of the superior branch of the right bronchus?

A

Superior lobar bronchus OR Eparterial

25
Q

What is the inferior right bronchus called?

A

Hyparterial bronchus

26
Q

What is the role of bronchioles?

A

Control of airflow

27
Q

How do bronchioles control airflow?

A

Increased smooth muscle and elastic fibre content (and have lost their cartilage).