The lungs

Question 1

What are the borders/margins of the lung?

Answer 1

Anterior
Posterior
Inferior

Question 2

What are the surfaces of the lung?

Answer 2

Costal (anterolateral)
Inferior (diaphragmatic)
Medial (mediastinal)

Question 3

What are the two fissures of the lungs and what lungs are they found in?

Answer 3

Oblique = found in right and left lung
Horizontal = found only in right lung

Question 4

How many lobes are there in each lung and what are they called?

Answer 4

3 lobes in the right lung
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
2 lobes in the left lung
- Superior
- Inferior

Question 5

What are unique features of the left lung?

Answer 5

Cardiac impression
Aortic impression
Cardiac notch
Lingula

Question 6

What is the lung hilum?

Answer 6

The area on the medial surface of the lung through which structures enter or leave the lung.

Question 7

What is the root of the lung?

Answer 7

The structures which enter and leave the lung at the hilum.
The structures of the root have constant relative positions within the hilum and therefore the thorax.

Question 8

What 4 structures make up the root of the lung?

Answer 8

Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary nerves

Question 9

Do the lungs extend above the 1st rib and clavicle, why is this important?

Answer 9

Yes
They are vulnerable to damage from superior

Question 10

How does the shape of the right lung differ to that of the left?

Answer 10

Shorter and broader

Question 11

Which organ gives rise to the lung asymmetry?

Answer 11

The heart

Question 12

What is the suprapleural membrane?

Answer 12

A fascial membrane that covers the lung apex just above the thoracic inlet.

Question 13

What is the function of the suprapleural membrane?

Answer 13

To provide rigidity to the thoracic inlet and prevent distortion due changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration.

Question 14

Where do the lymphatics of the lung and visceral pleura drain to?

Answer 14

Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes at the bifurcation of the the larger bronchi at the lung hila.
Then pass to tracheobronchial nodes which eventually drain into the thoracic duct (left) and right lymphatic duct (right)

Question 15

How many segments does each lung have?

Answer 15

10 in right
8 or 9 in left

Question 16

What are the advantages of lung segments?

Answer 16

Each has their own blood and air supply from the branches of the pulmonary artery and bronchi.
Allows a surgeon to remove a particular segment without adversely affecting neighbouring segments.

Question 17

On which surface of the lung is the hilum found?

Answer 17

Medial

Question 18

What lymph nodes are found at the entrance to the hilum?

Answer 18

Broncho-mediastinal
Broncho-pulmonary
Hilar group

Question 19

What is the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 19

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, and returns oxygenated blood the heart via the pulmonary veins.

Question 20

What is the bronchial circulation?

Answer 20

Supplies oxygenated blood and nutrition to the lung tissue and the larger airways.
Enters the hilum along with the pulmonary arteries.
Bronchial veins then return deoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.

Question 21

How many bronchial arteries supply each lung?

Answer 21

Two bronchial arteries supply the left lung
One bronchial artery for the right lung