The lungs Flashcards
What are the borders/margins of the lung?
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
What are the surfaces of the lung?
Costal (anterolateral)
Inferior (diaphragmatic)
Medial (mediastinal)
What are the two fissures of the lungs and what lungs are they found in?
Oblique = found in right and left lung
Horizontal = found only in right lung
How many lobes are there in each lung and what are they called?
3 lobes in the right lung
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
2 lobes in the left lung
- Superior
- Inferior
What are unique features of the left lung?
Cardiac impression
Aortic impression
Cardiac notch
Lingula
What is the lung hilum?
The area on the medial surface of the lung through which structures enter or leave the lung.
What is the root of the lung?
The structures which enter and leave the lung at the hilum.
The structures of the root have constant relative positions within the hilum and therefore the thorax.
What 4 structures make up the root of the lung?
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary nerves
Do the lungs extend above the 1st rib and clavicle, why is this important?
Yes
They are vulnerable to damage from superior
How does the shape of the right lung differ to that of the left?
Shorter and broader
Which organ gives rise to the lung asymmetry?
The heart
What is the suprapleural membrane?
A fascial membrane that covers the lung apex just above the thoracic inlet.
What is the function of the suprapleural membrane?
To provide rigidity to the thoracic inlet and prevent distortion due changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration.
Where do the lymphatics of the lung and visceral pleura drain to?
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes at the bifurcation of the the larger bronchi at the lung hila.
Then pass to tracheobronchial nodes which eventually drain into the thoracic duct (left) and right lymphatic duct (right)
How many segments does each lung have?
10 in right
8 or 9 in left
What are the advantages of lung segments?
Each has their own blood and air supply from the branches of the pulmonary artery and bronchi.
Allows a surgeon to remove a particular segment without adversely affecting neighbouring segments.
On which surface of the lung is the hilum found?
Medial
What lymph nodes are found at the entrance to the hilum?
Broncho-mediastinal
Broncho-pulmonary
Hilar group
What is the pulmonary circulation?
Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, and returns oxygenated blood the heart via the pulmonary veins.
What is the bronchial circulation?
Supplies oxygenated blood and nutrition to the lung tissue and the larger airways.
Enters the hilum along with the pulmonary arteries.
Bronchial veins then return deoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.
How many bronchial arteries supply each lung?
Two bronchial arteries supply the left lung
One bronchial artery for the right lung
