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Resp anatomy > The diaphragm and respiratory movement > Flashcards

The diaphragm and respiratory movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of the diaphragm? (5)

A

Central tendon
Right dome
Left dome
Right crus
Left crus

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2
Q

What are the three openings (hiatuses) in the diaphragm for?

A

Vena cava
Aorta
Oesophagus

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3
Q

Which dome lies more superior during normal expiration?

A

Right dome

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4
Q

Why is the right dome higher than the left?

A

Due to the liver

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5
Q

Which vertebrae is the right crus attached to?

A

L1 to L3

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6
Q

Which vertebrae is the left crus attached to?

A

L1 to L2

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7
Q

When the diaphragm contracts do the domes descend or ascend?

A

Descend

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8
Q

What is the shape of the central tendon?

A

Cloverleaf

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9
Q

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

A

1 central tendinous and 4 peripheral bony attachments

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10
Q

Which tendon is the diaphragm attached to?

A

Central tendon

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11
Q

Which costal cartilages is the diaphragm attached?

A

7 to 10
(and direct attachment to 11/12)

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12
Q

Which part of the sternum is the diaphragm attached?

A

Xiphoid process

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13
Q

Which vertebrae is the diaphragm attached?

A

L1 to L3

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14
Q

At what vertebral level is the inferior vena cava hiatus located?

A

T8

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15
Q

At what vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus located?

A

T10

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16
Q

At what vertebral level is the aortic hiatus located?

A

T12

17
Q

Which part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pass through?

A

Central tendinous part

18
Q

How does the central tendon affect venous return from lower extremities and lower trunk to the heart?

A

Diaphragm contracts on inspiration so the aperture widens, stretching the vena cava before its relaxed on expiration this FACILITATES BLOOD FLOW through it.

19
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Where the abdominal oesophagus and upper part of stomach move into the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm.

20
Q

What can predispose you to a hiatal hernia?

A

Frequent hard coughing
Heavy lifting
Any other factors that compromise structural integrity of the diaphragm

21
Q

What nerves innervate the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve
Lower intercostal nerves

22
Q

What type of innervation does the phrenic nerve provide?

A

Motor and sensory to the diaphragm

23
Q

What does the lower intercostal nerves provide?

A

Sensory supply to the peripheral parts of the diaphragm

24
Q

What are the spinal root values of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3/4/5

25
Q

What does spinal cord injury immediately above C3-5 result in?

A

Quadriplegia
Paralysis of the diaphragm and need for artificial ventilation

Resp anatomy (12 decks)

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