The diaphragm and respiratory movement Flashcards
What are the main parts of the diaphragm? (5)
Central tendon
Right dome
Left dome
Right crus
Left crus
What are the three openings (hiatuses) in the diaphragm for?
Vena cava
Aorta
Oesophagus
Which dome lies more superior during normal expiration?
Right dome
Why is the right dome higher than the left?
Due to the liver
Which vertebrae is the right crus attached to?
L1 to L3
Which vertebrae is the left crus attached to?
L1 to L2
When the diaphragm contracts do the domes descend or ascend?
Descend
What is the shape of the central tendon?
Cloverleaf
What are the attachments of the diaphragm?
1 central tendinous and 4 peripheral bony attachments
Which tendon is the diaphragm attached to?
Central tendon
Which costal cartilages is the diaphragm attached?
7 to 10
(and direct attachment to 11/12)
Which part of the sternum is the diaphragm attached?
Xiphoid process
Which vertebrae is the diaphragm attached?
L1 to L3
At what vertebral level is the inferior vena cava hiatus located?
T8
At what vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus located?
T10
At what vertebral level is the aortic hiatus located?
T12
Which part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pass through?
Central tendinous part
How does the central tendon affect venous return from lower extremities and lower trunk to the heart?
Diaphragm contracts on inspiration so the aperture widens, stretching the vena cava before its relaxed on expiration this FACILITATES BLOOD FLOW through it.
What is a hiatal hernia?
Where the abdominal oesophagus and upper part of stomach move into the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm.
What can predispose you to a hiatal hernia?
Frequent hard coughing
Heavy lifting
Any other factors that compromise structural integrity of the diaphragm
What nerves innervate the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Lower intercostal nerves
What type of innervation does the phrenic nerve provide?
Motor and sensory to the diaphragm
What does the lower intercostal nerves provide?
Sensory supply to the peripheral parts of the diaphragm
What are the spinal root values of the phrenic nerve?
C3/4/5
What does spinal cord injury immediately above C3-5 result in?
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of the diaphragm and need for artificial ventilation
