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Medicine 1 - Clinical > Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Flashcards

1
Q

What are common URTIs?

A

Rhinitis
Otitis media
Tonsillitis/pharyngitis
Croup
Acute epiglottis

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2
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

A reaction that happens in the eyes, nose, and throat when allergens in the air trigger the release of histamine in the body.

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3
Q

What are the features of rhinitis?

A

Very common
Winter months
Self-limiting (10-15 days)
Review if prone to other illnesses (pneumonia,bronchiolitis, meningitis, septicaemia)

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4
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

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5
Q

What are the features of otitis media?

A

Eythema - redness, inflammation
Bulging drum/ spontaneous rupture
Self-limiting

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6
Q

What can cause otitis media?

A

1st viral infection - rhinovirus
2nd infection - pneumococcus/Hem ophilus influenza

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7
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media?

A

Analgesia

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8
Q

What is tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

A sore throat and pain when swallowing
Earache
High temperature (fever) over 38C (100.4F)
Coughing
Headache

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10
Q

What investigation is needed in tonsillitis?

A

Throat swab - 48h for results

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11
Q

Treatment for tonsillitis

A

Viral cause - nothing
Bacterial cause - 10 days penicillin however do not give amoxicillin if patient has EBV

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12
Q

What is strep throat/scarlet fever?

A

A contagious bacterial infection that causes flu-like symptoms and a rash that feels rough. It mostly affects young children.

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Faint pink rash
Sore to touch
Pallor around mouth
Low energy
Fever

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14
Q

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

10 day course of antibiotics -penicillin or amoxicillin tablets

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15
Q

What is croup?
Aka acute laryngotracheitis and acute laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Viral infection in children
Parainfulenca virus I

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of croup?

A

Barking cough
Stridor
Hoarse voice
Child is well otherwise

17
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Single dose of an oral corticosteroid medication -dexamethasone or prednisolone to help reduce the swelling in the throat

18
Q

What is acute epiglottis?

A

Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis.

normally due to infection but can be a result of throat injury

19
Q

What can cause epiglottis?

A

H. influenza type B
Group A strep
Parainfluenza virus type 4

20
Q

What are the symptoms of acute epiglottis?

A

Cherry swollen epiglottis
Stridor
Drooling
Rare

21
Q

What is the treatment in acute epiglottis?

A

Intubation to secure the airways and antibiotics

Medicine 1 - Clinical (41 decks)

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