Drugs Used in the Treatment of CVD Flashcards
What drugs are used in the treatment of CVD?
Antiplatelets
Ace inhibitors
ARBs
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics
Statins
What are antiplatelets used for?
Make blood less sticky - preventing arteries and stents being blocked by clots
What are the main antiplatelet agents?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel/Ticagrelor
What does aspirin do?
Inhibit theomboaxne A2 production
What does Clopidogrel/Ticagrelor do?
Block the P2Y12 ADP receptor on the surface of the platelet
What are the different medications that can be prescribed for hypertension and what is an example dose of each?
A – ACE inhibitor (e.g. ramipril 1.25mg up to 10mg once daily)
B – Beta blocker (e.g. bisoprolol 5mg up to 20mg once daily)
C – Calcium channel blocker (e.g. amlodipine 5mg up to 10mg once daily)
D – Thiazide-like diuretic (e.g. indapamide 2.5mg once daily)
What receptors do antiplatelets target?
Aspirin - COX 1
What receptors do antiplatelets target?
Aspirin - COX 1
What receptors do Clopidogrel and Ticagrel target?
ADP receptors
Antiplatelet side effects
Bleeding
Should not be unerestimated
Effects last for 1 week
What do beta blockers do?
Reduce morality in IHD and heart failure
Reduce symptoms in angina, AF and SVT
end in -prolol
What are the two types of beta blockers?
Beta 1 receptors
Beta 2 receptors
Where can Beta 1 receptors be found?
Predominant receptor in the heart - SA and AV nodes and myocardial cells
Kidneys - reduce secretion is renin
Positive effects of beta 1 receptors
Slow HR and conduction
Increases diastolic time
Reduces BP
Protects heart from effects of catechoalmines
Negative effects of beta 1 receptors
Reduces contracitlity (-ve ionotropic)
High doses can lead to brachycardia and heart block
Where can beta 2 receptors be found?
Smooth muscle - airways, peripheral vasculature (to lesser extent present on myocardial cells)
Skeletal muscle
Postive effects of beta 2 receptors?
Reduces tremor
Negative beta 2 reeptors
Potentially lethal bronchospasm in asthmatics
Vasoconstirction
PVD
What beta blocker works on beta 1 and 2?
Propanolol
What does the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Axis preserve?
Circulating volume to maintain perfusion of the vital organs
Where is angiotensin produced?
Liver
What is angiotensin converted to?
angiotensin I
- by renin and enzyme released by the kidney in response to reduction in perfusion
What is angiotensin I converted to and by what?
angiotensin II
- by ACE and endothelial enzyme found in lungs
What does angiotensin II act on?
Adrenals leading to release of aldosterone
Positive effects of ACE inhibitors?
Reduce bP
Reduce afterload on heart
Prevents remodelling after MI
Reducded proteiruria
Neg effect of ACE?
Mainly cough
