Drugs Used in the Treatment of CVD

Question 1

What drugs are used in the treatment of CVD?

Answer 1

Antiplatelets
Ace inhibitors
ARBs
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics
Statins

Question 2

What are antiplatelets used for?

Answer 2

Make blood less sticky - preventing arteries and stents being blocked by clots

Question 3

What are the main antiplatelet agents?

Answer 3

Aspirin
Clopidogrel/Ticagrelor

Question 4

What does aspirin do?

Answer 4

Inhibit theomboaxne A2 production

Question 5

What does Clopidogrel/Ticagrelor do?

Answer 5

Block the P2Y12 ADP receptor on the surface of the platelet

Question 6

What are the different medications that can be prescribed for hypertension and what is an example dose of each?

Answer 6

A – ACE inhibitor (e.g. ramipril 1.25mg up to 10mg once daily)
B – Beta blocker (e.g. bisoprolol 5mg up to 20mg once daily)
C – Calcium channel blocker (e.g. amlodipine 5mg up to 10mg once daily)
D – Thiazide-like diuretic (e.g. indapamide 2.5mg once daily)

Question 7

What receptors do antiplatelets target?

Answer 7

Aspirin - COX 1

Question 8

What receptors do antiplatelets target?

Answer 8

Aspirin - COX 1

Question 9

What receptors do Clopidogrel and Ticagrel target?

Answer 9

ADP receptors

Question 10

Antiplatelet side effects

Answer 10

Bleeding
Should not be unerestimated
Effects last for 1 week

Question 11

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 11

Reduce morality in IHD and heart failure
Reduce symptoms in angina, AF and SVT
end in -prolol

Question 12

What are the two types of beta blockers?

Answer 12

Beta 1 receptors
Beta 2 receptors

Question 13

Where can Beta 1 receptors be found?

Answer 13

Predominant receptor in the heart - SA and AV nodes and myocardial cells

Kidneys - reduce secretion is renin

Question 14

Positive effects of beta 1 receptors

Answer 14

Slow HR and conduction
Increases diastolic time
Reduces BP
Protects heart from effects of catechoalmines

Question 15

Negative effects of beta 1 receptors

Answer 15

Reduces contracitlity (-ve ionotropic)
High doses can lead to brachycardia and heart block

Question 16

Where can beta 2 receptors be found?

Answer 16

Smooth muscle - airways, peripheral vasculature (to lesser extent present on myocardial cells)
Skeletal muscle

Question 17

Postive effects of beta 2 receptors?

Answer 17

Reduces tremor

Question 18

Negative beta 2 reeptors

Answer 18

Potentially lethal bronchospasm in asthmatics
Vasoconstirction
PVD

Question 19

What beta blocker works on beta 1 and 2?

Answer 19

Propanolol

Question 20

What does the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Axis preserve?

Answer 20

Circulating volume to maintain perfusion of the vital organs

Question 21

Where is angiotensin produced?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

What is angiotensin converted to?

Answer 22

angiotensin I

• by renin and enzyme released by the kidney in response to reduction in perfusion

Question 23

What is angiotensin I converted to and by what?

Answer 23

angiotensin II

• by ACE and endothelial enzyme found in lungs

Question 24

What does angiotensin II act on?

Answer 24

Adrenals leading to release of aldosterone

Question 25

Positive effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 25

Reduce bP
Reduce afterload on heart
Prevents remodelling after MI
Reducded proteiruria

Question 26

Neg effect of ACE?

Answer 26

Mainly cough