Smoking Cessation Flashcards
Definition of epidemiology
Study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.
What % of the Scottish population smoke?
20
In what age group is smoker prevalence the highest?
25-34
What can secondary smoke lead to?
Respiratory infections
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Cot death
Middle ear infection
What is in a cigarette?
Highly engineered products
Tobacco
Filter
Filler
Additives
Paper
Smoke
How many chemicals and carcinogens does cigarette smoke contain?
> 4,000 chemicals
- >40 known carcinogens
Give examples of chemicals found in cigarettes.
Nicotine
Tar
Carbon monoxide
Acetone
Arsenic
Cadmium
Hydrogen cyanide
How many people die each year due to the effects of smoking?
In Scotland 13,000
- In the UK 120,000
How many years of life is lost to smoking approximately?
7.5 years
What cancers have a relative risk associated with smoking?
Upper respiratory
Lung
Oesophagus
Bladder
Kidney
Pancreas
What other systems does smoking affect?
Endocrine
Dermatological
Ophthalmology
Locomotor
Cardiovascular
Gastroenterology
What other illnesses are associated with smoking?
Type II diabetes mellitus
Psoriasis
Macular degeneration
Osteoporosis
Peptic ulceration
Crohn’s disease
What conditions does smoking decrease your chance of developing?
Ulcerative colitis
Carcinoma of the uterus
Parkinsonism
Sarcoidosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What areas of deprivation are most likely to smoke?
Permanently sick or disabled
unemployed and seeking work
Looking after home/family
How do e-cigarettes work?
Use battery power to vaporise a solution of nicotine in propylene glycol/ polyethylene glycol
How does the nicotine hit of an e-cigarette compare to a traditional cigarette?
25-50% of a tradition cigarette
Why might e-cigarettes be considered safer than cigarettes?
Lacks 250 poisons/ 69 carcinogens
Which females are more likely to smoke when pregnant?
Younger
Single
Lower educational achievement
Unskilled
Male partner more likely to smoke
What are the risks of smoking while pregnant?
Increases risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death by 1/3
What is second hand smoking often responsible for in children?
Respiratory infections
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Cot death
Middle ear infection
What are the health benefits of smoking cessation?
Increases life expectancy by 7.5 years
Risk of MI is reduced by 50% after 1 year
Risk of MI after 15 years is the same as a lifelong non smoker
Risk of lung cancer is only slightly increased after 10-15 years
What strategies have been put in place for the protection of children?
Cannot sell tobacco products to anyone under 18
Cannot smoke in private vehicle with kids in it
Cannot purchase by proxy
Removal of vending
machines
Standardised packaging
What are examples of the exemptions to the smoking in public place band?
Hotels and guest host bedrooms
Designated rooms in care homes, hospices and prisons
Private homes
Places not ‘substantially enclosed’
Actors
Specialist tobacco shops
European law regarding packaging
MAY 2016 - EU TOBACCO PRODUCTS DIRECTIVE
Picture warnings - 65%
Ban on flavours
Min pack size - 20
Limits on tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide
Terms such as “mild” and “ultra-smooth” banned
