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Anatomy > Upper respiratory tract > Flashcards

Upper respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

Name what is found in the upper RT

A

-External nose
-Nasal cavities
-Pharynx
-Larynx

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2
Q

Name what is found on the lower RT

A

-Trachea
-Primary bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveoli of the lungs

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3
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavities

A

Humidify and filter incoming air

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4
Q

Name the structure that separates the two nasal cavities

A

Nasal septum

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5
Q

What keeps the nasal cavities patent (open)?

A

Bone and cartilage

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6
Q

What surrounds the small anterior region of the nasal cavities

A

Cartilage of the external nose

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7
Q

What is the large posterior region of the nasal cavities made up of?

A

It is situated within the skull, therefore made up of bone

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8
Q

What is the anatomical names for the anterior openings of the nasal cavities?

A

Nares/nostrils

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9
Q

What is the anatomical names for the posterior openings of the nasal cavities?

A

Nasal chonchae

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10
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral and cranial cavities

A

Separated from the oral cavity by the hard palate.
Separated from the cranial cavity by parts of the cranial bones.

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11
Q

What cranial bones make up the external nose?

A

-Nasal bone
-Part of the frontal bone
-Part of the maxillary bone

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12
Q

Name the cartilages found on the external nose

A

Superior margin of septal cartilage
-Lateral processes of septal cartilage
-Major and minor alar cartilages

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13
Q

Describe the roof of the nasal cavity

A

Narrow
* Highest in central regions
- Anterior and posteriorly: roof slopes downward
* Formed by bones and cartilages of the external
nose + parts of other cranial bones

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14
Q

Describe the floor of the nasal cavity

A

Smooth, concave and wider than the roof
* Formed by soft tissues of the external nose + hard
palate

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15
Q

Describe the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

Vertically orientated (median sagittal plane)
* Nasal septum (mucosa covered)
- Septal nasal cartilage
- Vomer
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
- Parts of the other cranial bones

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16
Q

Describe the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

Formed by parts of the ethmoid, palatine, sphenoid, lacrimal,
and maxillary bones + inferior concha

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17
Q

Explain the anatomy of the nasal chonchae/turbinates

A

Three curved shelves of bone (mucosa covered)
- Project medially and inferiorly

18
Q

What is the function of nasal chonchae

A
  • Increase surface area for contact between the nasal tissues
    and inspired air
19
Q

Name the 4 divisions of the nasal cavity

A

Spheno-ethmoidal
recess + Superior, Middle and Inferior nasal meatuses

20
Q

What is the function of paranasal sinuses

A

-Aids voice resonance
-Lightens the skull

21
Q

Name paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal sinuses
-Maxillary sinuses
-Ethmoidal cells (anterior, middle, and posterior)
-Sphenoidal sinuses

22
Q

What forms the pharyngeal wall?

A

formed by skeletal muscles (longitudinal and
constrictor muscles) + fascia

23
Q

What structure Connects the oral and nasal cavities to the larynx and oesophagus

A

Pharynx

24
Q

True or false:
The larynx is the common pathway for air and food

A

False, it is the pharynx

25
Q

Describe the nasopharynx

A

Behind choanae & below skull base—>soft palate
- Pharyngeal tonsil lies on roof
- Opening of auditory tube lies on lateral wall

26
Q

Describe the oropharynx

A

Soft palate —> Superior margin of epiglottis
- Palatine tonsils lie on lateral wall
(between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)
- Lingual tonsils lie on anterior wall

27
Q

Describe the laryngopharynx

A

Laryngopharynx
- Superior margin of epiglottis—> Beginning of oesophagus (C6)

28
Q

How is the larynx connected to the laryngopharynx

A

The laryngopharynx is connected to the larynx via the laryngeal inlet

29
Q

State the function of the larynx

A

Instrument for sound production
Acts as a valve to close lower RT

30
Q

What is the larynx made up of?

A

3 unpaired cartilages
- 3 paired cartilages
- A fibroelastic membrane
- Numerous intrinsic muscles

31
Q

Name the three unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

32
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage

A

Largest laryngeal cartilage
- Left + right lamina (Connected anteriorly but separated
posteriorly - have superior and inferior horns)

33
Q

Describe the cricoid cartilage

A
  • Most inferior laryngeal cartilage
  • Completely encircles airway
  • Anterior narrow arch + Posterior broad lamina
34
Q

Describe the epiglottis

A

Leaf-shaped
- Projects postero-superiorly

35
Q

Name the three paired cartilages

A

Arytenoid cartilages
Corniculate cartilages
Cuneiform cartilages

36
Q

Describe the arytenoid cartilages

A
  • Pyramid shape - Apex articulates with corniculate cartilages - Base articulates with cricoid cartilage
37
Q

Describe the corniculate cartilages

A

Two small conical cartilages - Apex projects postero-medially - Base articulates with arytenoid cartilages

38
Q

Describe cuneiform cartilages

A

Two small club-shaped cartilages - Suspended in fibro-elastic membrane

39
Q

Name the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
- Thickens to form median and
lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
* Thyro-epliglottic ligament
* Hyo-epiglottic ligament
* Cricotracheal ligament

40
Q

Name the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A

Fibroelastic membrane
- Upper quandrangular membrane
- Lower conus elasticus

Anatomy (7 decks)

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