Anatomy Terminology Flashcards
What are standardised anatomical terms used for?
Are used for description of anatomical structures and are generally based on latin and greek languages. They define position, relationship as well as plane of refrence.
In the anatomical position, the body stands upright with the hands on the side of the body. List all features of anatomy body position.
- Stand upright feet together
- Eyes open and focuses at something at the distance
- Penis must be erected
- Palm o the Hand on either side facing forward
- Mouth closed
- Neutral facial expression
- Fingers straight together
- Toes facing forward
- he rim of the bone under the eye lies in the same plane as the top of the opening of the ear
List 4 anatomical planes and explain them.
- SAGITTAL PLANES :Median sagittal plane/ Midsagittal Parasagittal plane
- Oblique plane
- Frontal Plane/ Coronal plane
- Transverse plane/ Axial plane
The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior position.
Transverse/ Axial plane
Name the two planes that are parallel to each other, that are under sagittal planes.
Midsagittal and parasagittal.
Vertical plane that divide the body into dorsal and ventral
Coronal/ frontal
Plane that is any angle other than vertical or horizontal.
Oblique
differentiates between DORSAL/ POSTERIOR and VENTRAL/ANTERIOR
AV- front of the body
DP- Back of the body
Differentiates between Medial and Lateral
Medial close to the median/ midline
Lateral further away from midline/ median
Structures upwards or closer to the head, the say to be?
Cephalic/ Cranial/ Superior
Structures downward/ closer to to the foot
Caudal/ Inferior
Closer to an origin point
Proximal
Further away from origin point
Distal
Give one word
- Structures closer to surface
- Structures further away from the surface
- Lying in between the structures
- Toward the outside
- Toward the inside
- Superficial
- Deep
- Intermediate
- External
- Internal
Differentiates between central and peripheral
Central towards the center of the body
Peripheral towards the surface of the body
What is Palmar/Volar
towards the palm of the hand
What is Plantar?
Toward the sole of the foot
Dorsal for the extremities:
Toward back of the hand or foot
give one word
- Increasing an angle between the body part
- Decreasing the between the body part
- Pulling away from the midline
- Pulling toward the midline
- Extension
- Flexion
- Abduction
- Adduction
Circumduction incorporating which movements?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Medial rotation
- Lateral rotation
rotation toward the midline
Medial rotation
rotation away midline
Lateral rotation
Supination meaning
Rotation of hand with hand turned outwards
Pronation
Rotation of hand with hand turned inwards
Different between inversion and eversion
Inversion: Tilting the sole of the foot towards the midline.
Eversion: Tilting the sole of the foot away from the midline.
Differentiates between Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion: Extending foot towards back of leg.
Plantarflexion: Bending sole of foot towards back of leg
Blood vessels are body cavities.
True or False
False
Functions of body cavities
Most cavities function to provide room for organs to adjust to changes in the organisms position and usually contain protective membranes and sometimes bone to protect structures.
List two methods are commonly employed for the topographical division of abdomen
- Four quadrant patten
2. Nine region pattern
List planes for those topographical division of abdomen
- 4-quadrant : Transumbilical and Medial plane
2. Nine region pattern: Interturbecular and Subcostal planes
Where does the intertubercular plane cross
connects the tubercles of the iliac crests,
lies at the level of lumbar vertebrae 5 and is 5cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine
immediately inferior to the costal margins,
passes through the lower border of costal cartilage of rib 10 and passes through the body of lumbar vertebra 3
Name of the describe plane?
Subcoastal plane
Name the plane is used instead of subcoastal ,the plane is passing at the level of lumbar vertebrae 1
Transpyloric plane
The plane that passes through lumbar vertebral 3 and 4
Transumbilical plane
List region of nine region pattern
Right Hypochondrium Epigastric Left Hypochondrium Right Lumbar Umbilical Left Lumbar Right Inguinal Pubic Left Inguinal
What is dorsal cavities
Continuous cavity on the dorsal aspect of the body.
Houses organs of the upper central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
Meninges is a multi-layered membrane within this cavity that envelops and protects the brain and spinal cord
Name 2 dorsal cavities and explain them
- Cranial cavity anterior portion of dorsal cavity consisting of space within the skull.
Contains: Brain, Meninges of brain and cerebrospinal fluid. - Vertebral Cavity Posterior portion of dorsal cavity.
Contains: Structures of vertebral column, including spinal cord, meninges of spinal cord and the fluid-filled space between them.
Most narrow body cavity.
What is ventral cavity
Interior space in the front of the body. Contains various organ systems – organs (lungs, heart etc.) in the ventral cavity are termed viscera. Has anterior and posterior portions divided by the diaphragm
What is thoracic cavity
Anterior ventral body cavity. Contains: Primary organs of cardiovascular and respiratory systems (heart and lungs, etc.) but also contains organs of other systems (thymus gland, oesophagus, etc.) Lined by two types of mesothelium: Pleural lining (Pleura) – Lungs Pericardial lining (Pericardium) - Heart
“Abdominopelvic Cavity” This words is a good example of the use of O in anatomy. BREAK THIS WORD SO ITS CAN GIVE 2 CAVITIES OF VENTRAL CAVITY
- Abdominal Cavity
2. Pelvic Cavity
Differentiates the cavities under abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal Cavity: Not bound by bone, Houses many organs of the digestive and renal systems, as well as organs of the endocrine system.
Pelvic Cavity: Bound by the pelvic bones, Houses bladder and the organs of the reproductive system.
