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Anatomy > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

A

Forms an internal support system (Skeleton)
 Lever system to facilitate movement of body
 Protection of vital organs
 Contains red bone marrow for blood cell formation
 Acts as a reservoir for calcium & phosphate (Osteoporosis)

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2
Q

What are the bones of the axial skeleton?

A 
-Skull
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Sternum
Ribs
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3
Q

Classify bones according to shape, and give an example of each

A 
Long bones: femur
Short bones: carpals
Sesamoid bones: Patella
Irregular bones: vertebra
Accessory bones: extra finger or toe
Flat bones: sternum
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4
Q

Which bones in the body are formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

Bones of the cranuim

Clavicle

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5
Q

What are the two divisions of the skull and what does each one protect?

A

Neurocranium: encloses the brain
Viscerocranium: Emcloses digestive and respirator organs

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6
Q

That are the key features of a frontal bone?

A

A frontal bone has:

  1. Supraorbital and infraorbital ridge
  2. Supraorbital and Infraorbital foramen
  3. It has a Glabella between it’s ridges
  4. It forms the roof of the orbit (orbital plate) and forms the floor of the anterior cranial floor
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7
Q

What are the four divisions of the temporal bone? And what do they consist of?

A

Squamous part: Zygomatic arch and the mandibular fossa
Tympanic part: Borders the external acoustic meatus and has a styloid process protruding posteriorly.
Mastoid part: formed by the mastoid process of the temporal bone
Petrous part: Lies within the cranial fossa and houses the middle ear

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8
Q

what are the features of the occipital bone?

A

It has an external occipital protuberance
It articulates with the sphenoid bone anteriorly, and with the temporal bones laterally.
It has occipital condyles on each side of the foramen magnum, to articulate with C1

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9
Q

What are the features of the sphenoid bone?

A

Made up of the greater and the lesser wing

Consists of the sella turcica

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10
Q

What are the features are the features of the mandible?

A

Articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bones
Has coronoid and condylar processes
Body
Has a mandibular angle
Mental foramina
Mental protuberance
Has mental spines on the posterior surface

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11
Q

What are the features of the Sternum?

A

Manubrium - there is a jugular notch, forms superior border of the sternum
Body
Xiphoid process
Manubriosternal joint - forms the inferior border of the sternum. This is the point of articulation for the second rib

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12
Q

Name the facets on the manubrium of the sternum

A

Superolateral facet - for articulation with the clavicle

Inferolateral facet - for articulation with the first rib.

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13
Q

Describe the anatomy of the sternal body

A

It has 4 fused segments, and the joints appear as ridges on the anterior surface of the sternum
On the lateral borders there are facets for articulation of ribs 2-7 via costal cartilages

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14
Q

How many true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs does the body have (respectively)

A

7 true ribs
3 false ribs
2 floating ribs

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15
Q

What are the features of a typical rib

A
  • Superior and inferior articular facets on the vertebral head
  • Tubercle that has a facet articulating to the costal facet on the transverse processes of T-vertebrae
  • Angle
  • -sternal end, which has costal cartilage for articulation with the sternum
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16
Q

Which ribs are typical?

A

Ribs 3-9

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17
Q

What are atypical ribs by definition?

A

Ribs that deviate from the general structure of ribs

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18
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

Ribs 1-2 and ribs 10-12

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19
Q

Why is the first Rib atypical?

A

Has an angle on the tubercle
Only has one articular facet on its head, the superior facet of T1
Has a rough superior surface as structures attach and pass through the area.
Has a smooth inferior surface

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20
Q

Features of the clavicle

A

Has a sternal and an acromial end
The sternal end is triangular/pyramidal in shape, it articulates to the sternal notch (superolateral facet) of manubrium
The acromial end articulates with the acromion process of the scapula

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21
Q

Describe the acromial end of the clavicle

A

It is flat and concave, broader than the sternal end.

Its inferior surface is rough and has prominent lines tubercles and for the attachment of muscles and ligaments

22
Q

Describe the sternal end of the clavicle (the medial 2/3)

A

The medial 2/3 is smooth and convex anteriorly

23
Q

What bone markings can you find in a clavicle?

A

Costal tuberosity close to the sternal end
Conoid tubercle close to the acromial end
Subclavian groove
Trapezoid line at the acromial end, just lateral to the conoid tubercle

24
Q

Name the three borders of the scapula

A

Superior border
Medial border
Lateral border

25
Q

Name the three angles of the scapula

A

Superior angle
Lateral angle
Inferior angle

26
Q

which ribs does the scapula cover?

A

Ribs 2-7

27
Q

What is the anterior surface of the scapula called?

A

The anterior surface is called the subscapular fossa

28
Q

Describe the posterior surface of the scapula

A

It has a spine called the spine of the scapula
Superior to the spine it has the supraspinous fossa
Inferior to the spine it has the infraspinous fossa

29
Q

Where in the scapula is the supraclavicular notch?

A

The supraclavicular notch is found on the superior border of the scapula, along the lateral side

30
Q

What bone markings are on the lateral angle of the scapula?

A

Acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid fossa
Supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles

31
Q

List the labels of the humerus

A 
Head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater and Lesser tubercles
Intertubercular groove/sulcus
Deltoid tuberosity
Radial groove
Supracondylar ridge
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa
Trochlea
Olecranon fossa
Capitulum
32
Q

List the labels of the ulnar

A 
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Trochlea notch
Radial notch
Supinator fossa
Ulnar tuberosity
Ulnar styloid process
33
Q

List the labels of the radius

A

-Head of radius
-Neck of radius
Radial tuberosity
Ulnar notch of radius
Ulnar styloid process

34
Q

Which bones does the radius articulate with distally?

A

Scaphoid and lunate

35
Q

List the carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

36
Q

What are the three functions of the vertebral column

A
  1. Carries the cranium
  2. Houses an protects the spinal cord
  3. Supports the trunk
37
Q

What is a condition in which the thoracic vertebra have increased curvature?

A

Kyphosis

38
Q

What is the condition in which the lumbar spine has increased curvature?

A

Lordosis?

39
Q

What is the condition in which the spine has lateral curvature?

A

Scoliosis

40
Q

What are the features of a typical cervical vertebra?

A 
Small oval vertebral body
Large vertebral foramen
Spinous processes project horizontally
- Bifid tip
Transverse foramina
- Vertebral artery passage
 Superior and inferior articular facets
-The inferior facets face down and forward
- Allows head movements
41
Q

Which cervical vertebra are atypical, and why are they atypical?

A

C1 - Does not have a body, no spinous process, large vertebral foramen, anterior and posterior arches surround the vertebral foramen.
C2 - Has an extra process called the odontoid process, it connects the to the atlas (C1)
C6 - Large carotid tubercle on transverse process
C7 - Spinous process is long

42
Q

Which thoracic vertebra are atypical?

A

T1, T2, T9-T12

43
Q

Which lumbar vertebra are atypical

A

L5

44
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx

45
Q

Name the borders of the ilium and what each border consists of

A

Superior border - consists of the iliac crest, and a tubercle that projects from the most lateral point
Anterior border - has the ASIS and the AIIS
Posterior border - consists of the PSIS and the PIIS, as well as the greater sciatic notch

46
Q

Describe the anatomy of the ischium

A 
Body forms 2/5 of acetabulum
 Extends to ischial tuberosity
 Projects to join inferior pubic ramus
 Ischium is the sitting bone
- Carries body weight while sitting
- Palpable in this position
47
Q

Describe the anatomy of the pubis

A 
Body joined by sup. & inf. pubic rami
 Superior pubic ramus forms 1/5 acetab.
- Thickening near acetabulum (Eminence)
- Sharp ridge medially (Pectineal line)
 Inferior pubic ramus
- Forms ischiopubic ramus posteriorly
- 2 ischiopubic rami form pubic arch
48
Q

List the labels of the femur

A 
Head
Neck
Greater and lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric crest (posteriorly) and intertrochanteric line (anteriorly)
Medial and lateral condyles
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Adductor tubercle
49
Q

Name the tarsal bones

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, lateral) and cuboid

50
Q

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia?

A

Talus

Anatomy (7 decks)

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