Upper Respiratory Infection/ Bronchitis Flashcards

1
Q

Essentials of Diagnosis for what?
(1) Clear rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and nasal congestion
(2) Associated Symptoms: Malaise, headache, and cough
(3) Erythematous, engorged nasal mucosa on examination without intranasal purulence.
(4) Symptoms last <4 weeks and typically < 10 days
(5) Symptoms are self-limited.

A

Upper Respiratory Infection

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2
Q

URI is also called what?

A

Common cold

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3
Q

True/False
Common cold is not the most frequent acute illness in the United States and throughout the industrialized world.

A

False,
Most common

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4
Q

_____ benign, self-limited syndrome representing a group of diseases caused by members of several families of viruses.

A

Common Cold/ URI

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5
Q

The most common and characteristic initial symptoms are ______, _______, ______

Cough is common and tends to appear after
the onset of _________

A

nasal discharge
nasal obstruction
dry or “scratchy throat”.

nasal discharge and obstruction

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6
Q

Colds usually persist for ______ in the normal host, although clinical illness may last as long as ______ in up to 25 percent of patients, particularly smokers.

A

3 to 10 days
two weeks

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7
Q

How long is the incubation period for URI

A

24 to 72 hours
10-12 in an experimental setting

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8
Q

What are some DDxs for URI

A

(1) Bronchitis
(2) Pneumonia
(3) Allergic or seasonal rhinitis
(4) Pertussis
5) Influenza
(6) Aspiration

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9
Q

Are labs indicated for URI?

A

no

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10
Q

The ________ is a separate and distinct entity, distinguishable from influenza, bacterial pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, acute bacterial sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and pertussis.

A

common cold

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11
Q

What are the meds used to treat symptoms for URI

A

-Acetaminophen 325mg 1-2 tablets po q4-6h prn fever or pain
-Pseudoephedrine
-Immediate release: 60 mg every 4 to 6 hours
-extended release: 120 mg every 12 hours or 240 mg every 24 hours
-Oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal
-12 Hour Nasal Relief Spray: 0.05% (15 mL, 30 mL), Intranasal: Instill 2 to 3 sprays into each nostril twice daily for 3 days

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12
Q

What are some adverse effects of Pseudoephedrine:

A

HTN, arrhythmias, insomnia, anxiety, palpitations

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13
Q

What is defined as inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree

A

Acute Bronchitis

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14
Q

Essentials of diagnosis for Bronchitis

A

Cough associated with midline burning chest pain, fever, and dyspnea

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15
Q

PT presents with these issues what would you suspect?
(1) Patients complain of cough, fever, and constitutional symptoms.
(a) Cough is initially dry but can become productive.
(b) Often associated with midline chest pain or burning.
(2) Hemoptysis, wheezing, and rales may be present.
(3) Rhonchi that clears with coughing is a characteristic finding.
(4) The presence of rales is more characteristic of pneumonic consolidation or other condition involving the pulmonary parenchyma.
(5) Cigarette smoking is a cause or contributing factor in many cases.

A

Bronchitis

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16
Q

True/False
Acute bronchitis and Pneumonia are common, and it can be difficult to differentiate

A

True

17
Q

The primary clinical difference between bronchitis and pneumonia is ________ on the chest Xray

A

presence of an infiltrate in the case of pneumonia

18
Q

For acute bronchitis, X-ray will usually show…..

A

no evidence of infiltrate

19
Q

What are some DDx for Bronchitis

A

(1) Cardiac
(2) Pulmonary
(3) Trauma
(4) GI
(5) Musculoskeletal
(6) Psych

20
Q

True/False
Acute bronchitis needs aggressive management

A

False
rarely needs aggressive management

21
Q

What meds would you give for Bronchitis

A

-NSIADS
-Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
-325-1000 mg PO q 4-6 h, max 4 grams/24 h
Cough suppressants/Antitussives
-Benzonatate, 100-200mg TID
SABA
Albuterol MDI 2 - 4 puffs q4-6h prn.

22
Q

_____ patients and those with significant underlying cardiopulmonary disease may
require close monitoring.

A

Hypoxic

23
Q

Disposition for bronchitis

A

-Modified duty. 1-2 days SIQ or light duty as needed.
-Retain on board.
-Complications
-Chronic presentation
-Significant underlying comorbidity.

24
Q

Supplemental oxygen should be administered to patients who are …..

A

Hypoxic