P.E. Flashcards
Smell for odors of the breath
Sweet smell =
diabetic ketoacidosis
Smell for odors of the breath
Ammonia =
uremia
Smell for odors of the breath
Musty fish =
hepatic failure
Smell for odors of the breath
Foul/feculent =
intestinal obstruction/diverticulum
Smell for odors of the breath
Foul/putrid =
respiratory infection (emphysema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis)
Smell for odors of the breath
Halitosis =
gingivitis, Vincent’s angina
Smell for odors of the breath
Cinnamon =
tuberculosis
Apnea is defined as
Absence of spontaneous respirations
Dyspnea is defined as
the feeling or sensation that one cannot breath well enough
(effort/work, chest tightness, and air hunger)
Secondary Apnea is defined as
Grave condition in which breathing stops and will not spontaneously start again unless resuscitative measures are immediately instituted.
Orthopnea is defined as
Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down; ask whether the patient needs to sleep on more than one pillow and whether that helps
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is defined as
A sudden onset of shortness of breathe after a
period of sleep; sitting upright is helpful.
Platypnea is defined as
Dyspnea increase in the upright posture
Tachypnea is defined as
A persistent respiratory rate faster than 20 and approaching 25 breaths per minute.
(May be observed in those with metabolic acidosis).
Bradypnea is defined as
A rate slower than 12 respirations per minute
-may indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection or a sensible response to protect against the pain of pleurisy
-may also indicate a splendid level of
cardiorespiratory fitness
