Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) Flashcards

1
Q

Acute upper airway obstruction can be immediately life threatening and must be relieved promptly to avoid …….

A

asphyxia

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2
Q

These issues usually cause what?
(a) Trauma to the larynx.
(b) Foreign body aspiration.
(c) Laryngospasm
(d) Laryngeal edema from thermal injury or angioedema
(e) Infections
(f) Acute allergic laryngitis.

A

ARDS

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of ARDS in adults?

A

Laryngeal edema from thermal injury or angioedema

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4
Q

What cause of ARDS happens more frequently in children than adults?

A

Aspiration of foreign bodies

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5
Q

Wider familiarity of what maneuver has reduced death from ARDS

A

Heimlich maneuver

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6
Q

True/False
Unless the patient has progressed to apnea unwitnessed, high-grade upper airway obstruction is usually obvious.

A

True

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7
Q

Physical findings of what issue?
(a) Pronounced stridorous respirations.
(b) Retractions of the supraclavicular and suprasternal areas of the chest indicate that
there is significant obstruction.
(c) Patients with complete airway obstruction will not be able to breathe or speak.
(d) Patients may have a visible swelling or mass in the neck.
(e) The tongue may be swollen, as may other structures in the mouth.

A

ARDS

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8
Q

_____ may reveal a foreign body, tumor, or other obstruction in the larynx or trachea.

A

Laryngoscopy

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9
Q

What would a CXR reveal for ARDS?

A

Radiopaque obstructions

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10
Q

What are some DDx for ards

A

(1) Cardiac
(2) Pulmonary
(3) Trauma
(4) GI
(5) Musculoskeletal
(6) Psych

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11
Q

ARDS Immediate first steps
Obstructing liquids and particulate matter can be removed with…….

A

rigid suction device with a blunt tip (Yankauer).

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12
Q

ARDS Immediate first steps
Foreign bodies such as meat may be removed by

A

Heimlich maneuver

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13
Q

ARDS Immediate first steps
Upper airway obstruction is most often due to soft tissue swelling secondary to……..

A

infection or angioedema.

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14
Q

Therapy should be directed to reduce the edema by

A

cooling
vasoconstriction
treating the underlying infection or allergy.

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15
Q

What is the most effective med for angioedema

A

Epinephrine topically, by inhalation, or parentally,

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16
Q

Administration of EPI
Caution should be exercised because of the associated _______ effects

A

cardiovascular

17
Q

_______ coupled with the use of forceps is the best method of removing obstructing foreign bodies

A

Direct laryngoscopy

18
Q

True/False
A physician skilled in difficult airway management should care for these patients.

A

True

19
Q

If less invasive methods fail, immediate…………………………………….. is required

A

cricothyrotomy or tracheostomy

20
Q

Disposition for ARDS
Patients with easy, uncomplicated removal of an obstructing foreign body.

A

may be sent home following a period of observation with instructions.

21
Q

instructions for Patients with easy, uncomplicated removal of an obstructing foreign body

A

(a) Eat more slowly.
(b) Chew more thoroughly.
(c) Swallow more carefully.

22
Q

True/False
Patients who have lost consciousness but otherwise appear well, can be sent home.

A

False
should be examined and observed.

23
Q

When should you hospitalize ARDS pt

A

only if symptoms develop or persist
or
if significant aspiration is suspected

24
Q

What is a common life-saving intervention in emergency situations for ARDS?

A

Intubation, with subsequent mechanical ventilation

25
Q

When is intubation indicated?

A

acute respiratory failure

26
Q

acute respiratory failure is defined as?

A

insufficient oxygenation, insufficient ventilation, or both

27
Q

These issues can have what effect on ventilator demand?
a) Sepsis
b) Anaphylaxis
c) DKA
d) Massive hemorrhage

A

increase

28
Q

What are the goals of Mechanical ventilation?

A

To protect the airway.
To improve pulmonary gas exchange
To relieve respiratory distress
To assist with airway and lung healing
To permit appropriate sedation and neuromuscular blockade

29
Q

True/False
Mechanical ventilation should be delayed until the need becomes emergent.

A

False
Mechanical ventilation should be considered early in the course of illness

30
Q

the decision to initiate mechanical ventilation should be based upon clinical judgment that considers _________.

A

the entire clinical situation

31
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) is basically what?

A

Severe airway obstruction.

32
Q

True/False
The elderly and denture wearers are at a lower risk for ARDS?

A

False
Greater Risk