Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) Flashcards
Acute upper airway obstruction can be immediately life threatening and must be relieved promptly to avoid …….
asphyxia
These issues usually cause what?
(a) Trauma to the larynx.
(b) Foreign body aspiration.
(c) Laryngospasm
(d) Laryngeal edema from thermal injury or angioedema
(e) Infections
(f) Acute allergic laryngitis.
ARDS
What is the most common cause of ARDS in adults?
Laryngeal edema from thermal injury or angioedema
What cause of ARDS happens more frequently in children than adults?
Aspiration of foreign bodies
Wider familiarity of what maneuver has reduced death from ARDS
Heimlich maneuver
True/False
Unless the patient has progressed to apnea unwitnessed, high-grade upper airway obstruction is usually obvious.
True
Physical findings of what issue?
(a) Pronounced stridorous respirations.
(b) Retractions of the supraclavicular and suprasternal areas of the chest indicate that
there is significant obstruction.
(c) Patients with complete airway obstruction will not be able to breathe or speak.
(d) Patients may have a visible swelling or mass in the neck.
(e) The tongue may be swollen, as may other structures in the mouth.
ARDS
_____ may reveal a foreign body, tumor, or other obstruction in the larynx or trachea.
Laryngoscopy
What would a CXR reveal for ARDS?
Radiopaque obstructions
What are some DDx for ards
(1) Cardiac
(2) Pulmonary
(3) Trauma
(4) GI
(5) Musculoskeletal
(6) Psych
ARDS Immediate first steps
Obstructing liquids and particulate matter can be removed with…….
rigid suction device with a blunt tip (Yankauer).
ARDS Immediate first steps
Foreign bodies such as meat may be removed by
Heimlich maneuver
ARDS Immediate first steps
Upper airway obstruction is most often due to soft tissue swelling secondary to……..
infection or angioedema.
Therapy should be directed to reduce the edema by
cooling
vasoconstriction
treating the underlying infection or allergy.
What is the most effective med for angioedema
Epinephrine topically, by inhalation, or parentally,
Administration of EPI
Caution should be exercised because of the associated _______ effects
cardiovascular
_______ coupled with the use of forceps is the best method of removing obstructing foreign bodies
Direct laryngoscopy
True/False
A physician skilled in difficult airway management should care for these patients.
True
If less invasive methods fail, immediate…………………………………….. is required
cricothyrotomy or tracheostomy
Disposition for ARDS
Patients with easy, uncomplicated removal of an obstructing foreign body.
may be sent home following a period of observation with instructions.
instructions for Patients with easy, uncomplicated removal of an obstructing foreign body
(a) Eat more slowly.
(b) Chew more thoroughly.
(c) Swallow more carefully.
True/False
Patients who have lost consciousness but otherwise appear well, can be sent home.
False
should be examined and observed.
When should you hospitalize ARDS pt
only if symptoms develop or persist
or
if significant aspiration is suspected
What is a common life-saving intervention in emergency situations for ARDS?
Intubation, with subsequent mechanical ventilation
When is intubation indicated?
acute respiratory failure
acute respiratory failure is defined as?
insufficient oxygenation, insufficient ventilation, or both
These issues can have what effect on ventilator demand?
a) Sepsis
b) Anaphylaxis
c) DKA
d) Massive hemorrhage
increase
What are the goals of Mechanical ventilation?
To protect the airway.
To improve pulmonary gas exchange
To relieve respiratory distress
To assist with airway and lung healing
To permit appropriate sedation and neuromuscular blockade
True/False
Mechanical ventilation should be delayed until the need becomes emergent.
False
Mechanical ventilation should be considered early in the course of illness
the decision to initiate mechanical ventilation should be based upon clinical judgment that considers _________.
the entire clinical situation
Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) is basically what?
Severe airway obstruction.
True/False
The elderly and denture wearers are at a lower risk for ARDS?
False
Greater Risk
