Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS)

Question 1

Acute upper airway obstruction can be immediately life threatening and must be relieved promptly to avoid …….

Answer 1

asphyxia

Question 2

These issues usually cause what?
(a) Trauma to the larynx.
(b) Foreign body aspiration.
(c) Laryngospasm
(d) Laryngeal edema from thermal injury or angioedema
(e) Infections
(f) Acute allergic laryngitis.

Answer 2

ARDS

Question 3

What is the most common cause of ARDS in adults?

Answer 3

Laryngeal edema from thermal injury or angioedema

Question 4

What cause of ARDS happens more frequently in children than adults?

Answer 4

Aspiration of foreign bodies

Question 5

Wider familiarity of what maneuver has reduced death from ARDS

Answer 5

Heimlich maneuver

Question 6

True/False
Unless the patient has progressed to apnea unwitnessed, high-grade upper airway obstruction is usually obvious.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Physical findings of what issue?
(a) Pronounced stridorous respirations.
(b) Retractions of the supraclavicular and suprasternal areas of the chest indicate that
there is significant obstruction.
(c) Patients with complete airway obstruction will not be able to breathe or speak.
(d) Patients may have a visible swelling or mass in the neck.
(e) The tongue may be swollen, as may other structures in the mouth.

Answer 7

ARDS

Question 8

_____ may reveal a foreign body, tumor, or other obstruction in the larynx or trachea.

Answer 8

Laryngoscopy

Question 9

What would a CXR reveal for ARDS?

Answer 9

Radiopaque obstructions

Question 10

What are some DDx for ards

Answer 10

(1) Cardiac
(2) Pulmonary
(3) Trauma
(4) GI
(5) Musculoskeletal
(6) Psych

Question 11

ARDS Immediate first steps
Obstructing liquids and particulate matter can be removed with…….

Answer 11

rigid suction device with a blunt tip (Yankauer).

Question 12

ARDS Immediate first steps
Foreign bodies such as meat may be removed by

Answer 12

Heimlich maneuver

Question 13

ARDS Immediate first steps
Upper airway obstruction is most often due to soft tissue swelling secondary to……..

Answer 13

infection or angioedema.

Question 14

Therapy should be directed to reduce the edema by

Answer 14

cooling
vasoconstriction
treating the underlying infection or allergy.

Question 15

What is the most effective med for angioedema

Answer 15

Epinephrine topically, by inhalation, or parentally,

Question 16

Administration of EPI
Caution should be exercised because of the associated _______ effects

Answer 16

cardiovascular

Question 17

_______ coupled with the use of forceps is the best method of removing obstructing foreign bodies

Answer 17

Direct laryngoscopy

Question 18

True/False
A physician skilled in difficult airway management should care for these patients.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

If less invasive methods fail, immediate…………………………………….. is required

Answer 19

cricothyrotomy or tracheostomy

Question 20

Disposition for ARDS
Patients with easy, uncomplicated removal of an obstructing foreign body.

Answer 20

may be sent home following a period of observation with instructions.

Question 21

instructions for Patients with easy, uncomplicated removal of an obstructing foreign body

Answer 21

(a) Eat more slowly.
(b) Chew more thoroughly.
(c) Swallow more carefully.

Question 22

True/False
Patients who have lost consciousness but otherwise appear well, can be sent home.

Answer 22

False
should be examined and observed.

Question 23

When should you hospitalize ARDS pt

Answer 23

only if symptoms develop or persist
or
if significant aspiration is suspected

Question 24

What is a common life-saving intervention in emergency situations for ARDS?

Answer 24

Intubation, with subsequent mechanical ventilation

Question 25

When is intubation indicated?

Answer 25

acute respiratory failure

Question 26

acute respiratory failure is defined as?

Answer 26

insufficient oxygenation, insufficient ventilation, or both

Question 27

These issues can have what effect on ventilator demand?
a) Sepsis
b) Anaphylaxis
c) DKA
d) Massive hemorrhage

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

What are the goals of Mechanical ventilation?

Answer 28

To protect the airway.
To improve pulmonary gas exchange
To relieve respiratory distress
To assist with airway and lung healing
To permit appropriate sedation and neuromuscular blockade

Question 29

True/False
Mechanical ventilation should be delayed until the need becomes emergent.

Answer 29

False
Mechanical ventilation should be considered early in the course of illness

Question 30

the decision to initiate mechanical ventilation should be based upon clinical judgment that considers _________.

Answer 30

the entire clinical situation

Question 31

Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) is basically what?

Answer 31

Severe airway obstruction.

Question 32

True/False
The elderly and denture wearers are at a lower risk for ARDS?

Answer 32

False
Greater Risk