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PCM1 Final > Upper Respiratory Exam > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Exam Flashcards

1
Q

External landmarks of the ear

A 
Auricle
Helix
Antihelix
Concha
Antitragus
Tragus
Triangular fossa
Lobule
External auditory canal
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2
Q

Internal structures of the ear

A 
Cone of light
Umbo
Malleus
Manubrium
Pars tensa
Pars Flaccida
Chorda tympani nerve
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3
Q

Normal appearance of the tympanic membrane

A

Translucent and pearly

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4
Q

What does conductive hearing loss indicate?

A

External or middle ear problem

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5
Q

What does sensorineural hearing loss indicate?

A

Inner ear, cochlear nerve, or central brain connection problem

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6
Q

Whisper test

A

Doc stands behind pt. Pt occludes one ear. Doc whispers a combination of numbers and letters and pt repeats

Normal: Pt correctly repeats sequence or after 2 sequences, can identify 3 of 6

Abnormal: Pt incorrectly identifies 4/6

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7
Q

Weber test

A

Tests for lateralization of hearing loss

Vibrating tuning for placed on top of pt’s head or middle forehead

Normal: Sound lateralizes to both ears equally

Abnormal: Sound lateralizes to 1 ear, it is conduction loss in that ear or sensorineural loss in the opposite ear

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8
Q

Rinne test

A

Compares air and bone conduction

Vibrating tuning for placed on mastoid bone behind ear and level with the canal. When pt no longer hears sound, quickly place fork close to ear canal.

Normal: AC>BC, if Weber test was abnormal, suspect sensorineural loss in opposite ear

If AC=BC or BC>AC there is conductive loss to that ear

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9
Q

External landmarks of the nose

A

Ala nasi
Columella
Vestibule
Bridge

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10
Q

Internal landmarks of the nose

A

Septum
Vestibule - Most anterior part of nasal cavity
Turbinates

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11
Q

Location of lymph nodes

A 
Preauricular
Posterior auricular
Submental
Submandibular
Tonsilar
Anterior cervical
Posterior cervical
Supraclavicular
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12
Q

What are the 4 facial sinuses?

A

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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13
Q

External landmarks of the mouth

A

Lips

Vermillion border

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14
Q

Internal structures of the mouth

A 
Labial frenulum
Lingual Frenulum
Gingiva
Sublingual caruncle
Lesser sublingual ducts
Tongue
Hard/Soft palate
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Posterior pharynx
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15
Q

Appearance of otitis media

A

Bulging TM with varying degree of Erythema

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16
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of pharynx with resulting sore throat

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17
Q

Sx of viral pharyngitis

A 
Coryza (inflamed mucus membrane)
Conjunctivitis
Fatigue
Hoarseness
Low grade fever
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18
Q

Sx of streptococcal pharyngitis

A 
Sore throat
HA
Fatigue
Fever
Body aches
Nausea - because pharynx is next to abdominal organs on homunculus...i guess
19
Q

Highest likelihood of GABHS if:

A 
Children 5-15
Winter and early spring seasons
Absence of cough
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Tonsillar exudate
Fever
20
Q

Otitis media is an infection of ____

A

Middle ear

Air-filled space behind the eardrum

21
Q

Otitis externa is the infection of the ____

A

Outer ear canal

22
Q

Labryrinthitis

A

Infection of the inner ear structures

Affects both branches of vestibulo-cochlear nerve => hearing changes and vertigo

23
Q

Acute Otitis Media

A

Symptomatic inflammation of the middle ear that can be caused by bacteria or viruses

24
Q

Acute suppurative OM

A

Acute OM with purulent material in the middle ear

25
Q

OM with effusion

A

Inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear without bacterial ro viral infection

May occur because fluid buildup persists after an ear infection has resolved

May also occur because of some dysfunction or noninfectious blockage of the eustachian tubes

26
Q

Chronic OM with effusion

A

Occurs when fluid remains in the middle ear and continues to return without bacterial or viral infection

Makes children susceptible to new ear infections

May affect hearing

27
Q

Chronic suppurative OM

A

Persistent ear infection that often results in tearing or perforation of the eardrum

28
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone

Associated with progressive hearing loss beginning at ages 10-30, marked hearing loss occurring during middle age

29
Q

Ossicle sclerosis into a single immovable mass results in ___

A

Conductive hearing loss

30
Q

Otic capsule sclerosis results in ___

A

Sensory hearing loss

F>M

31
Q

Rhinosinusitis/Sinusitis

A

Mucosal lining in paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity becomes inflamed

32
Q

Sx of sinusitis/Rhinosinusitis

A 
Nasal discharge
Cough
Sneezing
Nasal congestion
Fever
HA
facial pressure
33
Q

Bacterial Sinusitis

A

Suspicion of acute bacterial sinusitis

Gets better then worse, purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR

Suspected with persistent acute rhinosinusitis without improvement for 10 days

34
Q

Croup

A

Swelling of larynx, trachea, bronchi causing inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 mo to 3 yrs old

35
Q

Causes of croup

A

Parainfluenza virus
Influenza
RSV

36
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of epiglottis and adjacent structures

High grade fever, toxic appearance, child sitting or leaning forward

May need to intubate

37
Q

Causes of epiglottitis

A

Hemophilia Type B influenza

GABHS

38
Q

Eustachian tube dysfxn

A

Tube gets inflamed and mucus or fluid builds up => Vertigo

Caused by flu, sinus infection, or allergies

39
Q

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

A

One of the most common causes of vertigo

Sudden spinning sensation

Triggered by specific changes in head position

40
Q

Vestibular Neuritis

A

Inflammation of the nerve associated with balance => Vertigo

No change in hearing

41
Q

Meniere’s dz

A

Disorder of inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo

Fluctuating hearing loss with progressive, permanent loss of hearing, ringing in ear

Usually unilateral

Starts from 20-50

42
Q

Canalithiasis

A

Otoconial debris floating freely in the ear canal
Free floating
Most common

43
Q

Cupulolithiasis

A

Otoconial debris adhered to the cupula of the crista ampullaris
Not free floating
Not common

PCM1 Final (13 decks)

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