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Pharm > Upper Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic rhinitis
Common cold
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
Influenza

A

UR common disorders

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2
Q

Drugs drying to treat symp - no cure; trying to make it less miserable
Headache
Nasal/sinus congestion
Itchy, watery eyes
Sore throat
Cough (post-nasal drip)
Body aches

A

UR CM

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3
Q

OTC = can self-treat
Brand examples
Marketed to treat disorders
May contain multiple ingredients
May contain acetaminophen or ibuprofen - max amounts can take in a day
Caution: “D” = pseudoephedrine in the drug

A

OTC Treatment of UR disorders

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4
Q

DayQuil
NightQuil
Sudafed
Mucinex
Claritin-D
Allegra-D

A

Brand examples

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5
Q

Cold, flu, etc.

A

Marketed to treat disorders

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6
Q

Treat many symptoms

A

May contain multiple ingredients

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7
Q

Caution overuse

A

May contain acetaminophen or ibuprofen - max amounts can take in a day

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8
Q

Affect ANS
Sympathetic activity:
Anticholinergic effects:

A

Med caution: Conditions exacerbated by:

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9
Q

Glaucoma
Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Peripheral artery disease
Diabetes
Hyperthyroidism
Enlarged prostate

A

Sympathetic activity:

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10
Q

Constipation
Enlarged prostate
Hypertension
Tachycardias
Dementia

A

Anticholinergic effects:

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11
Q

Prior to admin:
After administration:

A

UR: Nursing Assessments

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12
Q

Baseline assessment of all systems
Focus assessment: HEENT, respiratory, med specific

A

Prior to admin:

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13
Q

Therapeutic effects: decreased symptoms
Adverse effects (see specific drugs)

A

After administration:

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14
Q

Multiple preparations/combinations; read ingredient list - multiple ingredients; reading the list; decrease likelihood to cause toxicities
Best prac: Use for shortest duration to treat symptoms; decrease likelihood toxicities/overuse to occur; discontinue if no relief
Seek medical advice if symptoms persist longer than 1 week
Cough and cold medications should not be used under 4 years of age - good education piece for parents
For topical nasal route:

A

UR Drugs: Education

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15
Q

Avoid duplicate medications, alike medications

A

Multiple preparations/combinations; read ingredient list - multiple ingredients; reading the list; decrease likelihood to cause toxicities

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16
Q

Overuse increased risks for adverse effects

A

Best prac: Use for shortest duration to treat symptoms; decrease likelihood toxicities/overuse to occur; discontinue if no relief

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17
Q

Clear nasal passages prior to administration
Clean applicator after use to maintain cleanliness

A

For topical nasal route:

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18
Q

Antitussives:
Decongestants:
Antihistamines:
Expectorants:

A

Agents used to treat UR

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19
Q

Block cough reflex

A

Antitussives:

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20
Q

Shrink mucous membranes to allow drainage; decrease production of nasal secretions

A

Decongestants:

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21
Q

Block action of histamine (H1) to decrease histamine effects

A

Antihistamines:

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22
Q

Increase productive cough to clear airways

A

Expectorants:

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23
Q

Act directly on medullary cough center to control cough spasm

A

MoA: - Antitussives: Non-opioid: prototype: Dextromethorphan

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24
Q

Control nonproductive cough

A

Indications: - Antitussives: Non-opioid: prototype: Dextromethorphan

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25
Q

dizziness, nausea

A

AE: - Antitussives: Non-opioid: prototype: Dextromethorphan

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26
Q

non-drowsy; does not cause respiratory depression or sedation; OTC

A

Nursing: - Antitussives: Non-opioid: prototype: Dextromethorphan

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27
Q

Act directly on the medullary cough center of the brain to depress the cough reflex; also used for analgesia

A

MoA: - Antitussives: opioid: prototypes: codeine

28
Q

Control nonproductive cough; treat mild to moderate pain; non-infectious diarrhea

A

Indications: - Antitussives: opioid: prototypes: codeine

29
Q

CNS depression

A

Contraindications: - Antitussives: opioid: prototypes: codeine

30
Q

Constipation, N/V, sedation, respiratory depression

A

AE: - Antitussives: opioid: prototypes: codeine

31
Q

opioid

A

Nursing: - Antitussives: opioid: prototypes: codeine

32
Q

Used as an oral decongestant - works as a sympathomimetic by targeting alpha-1 of SNS to cause vasoconstriction - when cause vasoconstriction in sinus and nasal passages shrink mucous membranes not allowing drainage (not as leaky) - decreases drainage and mucous production through vasoconstriction
Stimulates alpha-1 sites (sympathomimetic/vasoconstriction); Shrink mucous membrane and decrease mucous production in UR

A

MoA: - Oral decongestants: prototype: pseudoephedrine

33
Q

Promotion of sinus drainage and decrease mucous production

A

Indications: - Oral decongestants: prototype: pseudoephedrine

34
Q

oral; immediate and extended release available

A

Route: - Oral decongestants: prototype: pseudoephedrine

35
Q

condition exacerbated by sympathetic activity

A

Contraindications: - Oral decongestants: prototype: pseudoephedrine

36
Q

hypertension (BIG ONE; alpha1 receptor on blood vessels which helps vasoconstrict but if orally has systemic effects on blood vessels and vasoconstricts all over so increases BP so particularly problematic for pat with history HTN or problematic with having HTN for longer periods of time), insomnia, dizziness, anxiety

A

AE: - Oral decongestants: prototype: pseudoephedrine

37
Q

OTC behind pharmacy counter - use to make meth; track how much buy

A

Nursing: - Oral decongestants: prototype: pseudoephedrine

38
Q

localized anti-inflammatory action

A

Actions: - Topical nasal steroid decongestants: prototype: fluticasone (Flonase)

39
Q

seasonal allergic rhinitis

A

Indications: - Topical nasal steroid decongestants: prototype: fluticasone (Flonase)

40
Q

Intranasal

A

Route: - Topical nasal steroid decongestants: prototype: fluticasone (Flonase)

41
Q

Lesion or erosion in the mucous membranes

A

Contraindications: - Topical nasal steroid decongestants: prototype: fluticasone (Flonase)

42
Q

Local burning and irritation; dry mucous membranes; long term: break down nasal mucosa; localized effects

A

AE: - Topical nasal steroid decongestants: prototype: fluticasone (Flonase)

43
Q

assess nasal mucosa; Takes 1 week to note change; stop if no effect after 3 weeks

A

Nursing: - Topical nasal steroid decongestants: prototype: fluticasone (Flonase)

44
Q

H1 receptor antagonists - responsible for allergic rxn
Block histamine type 1 reactions to decrease allergic symp experiencing; antagonizing and blocking them so histamine cannot to reduce symp
Have First gen and sec gen antihistamines

A

H1 receptor antagonists (aka anti-histamines)

45
Q

First generation: sedation and short duration
Second generation: non-drowsy and long duration

A

Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonists

46
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

First generation: sedation and short duration

47
Q

Intermediate level of antihistamine efficacy; high level of anticholinergic effects and sedation; occupy H1 receptor sites but also occupy muscarnic receptors part PSNS - also act anticholinergics; also passes blood brain barrier causing sedation
Many uses (other than allergies): vertigo, motion sickness, Parkinson’s disease, insomnia, urticaria, allergies, sleep aid - makes people drowsy
Crosses BBB: drowsiness
High anticholinergic effect: increased HR, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth
Faster acting; shorter duration; more serious allergic rxn give this med since faster acting

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

48
Q

Loratadine (Claritin), Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
High antihistamine; lower anticholinergic effects and lower risk for sedation
Seasonal allergies - not in stupor because of first gen (Benadryl)

A

Second generation: non-drowsy and long duration

49
Q

Block release of histamine from mast cells; compete for unoccupied histamine-1 receptor sites

A

MoA: - Antihistamine: H1 receptor antagonists: prototype: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

50
Q

allergic rhinitis (many others)

A

Indications: - Antihistamine: H1 receptor antagonists: prototype: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

51
Q

older adult, condition exacerbated by anticholinergic effects

A

Contraindication: - Antihistamine: H1 receptor antagonists: prototype: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

52
Q

drowsiness and sedation; high anticholinergic effects

A

AE: - Antihistamine: H1 receptor antagonists: prototype: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

53
Q

caution about driving/operating dangerous machinery

A

Nursing: - Antihistamine: H1 receptor antagonists: prototype: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

54
Q

Block release of histamine from mast cells; compete for unoccupied histamine-1 receptor sites

A

MoA: - Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonists: Prototype: Loratadine (Claritin)

55
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

Indications: - Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonists: Prototype: Loratadine (Claritin)

56
Q

condition exacerbated by anticholinergic effects

A

Contraindication: - Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonists: Prototype: Loratadine (Claritin)

57
Q

anticholinergic effects (less than first gen.)

A

AE: - Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonists: Prototype: Loratadine (Claritin)

58
Q

drowsiness may occur in some pts.

A

Nursing: - Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonists: Prototype: Loratadine (Claritin)

59
Q

“Blind as a bat”
“Dry as a bone”
“Red as a beet”
“Mad as a hatter”
“Hot as a hare”
“Full as a flask”
Blurred vision, dilated pupils
Dry mucous membranes
Flushing
Confusion
Hyperthermia
Urinary retention

A

Anticholinergic effects mnemonic (toxicity/older adult)

60
Q

Can’t see
Can’t pee
Can’t spit
Can’t poop
DUCT: Dry mouth; Urinary retention; Constipation; Tachycardia

A

Anticholinergic effects mnemonic (common)

61
Q

liquefy lower respiratory tract secretions, reducing viscosity

A

Actions: - Expectorants: Prototype: Guaifenesin

62
Q

symptomatic relief of respiratory conditions characterized by a productive cough

A

Indications: - Expectorants: Prototype: Guaifenesin

63
Q

rare, well tolerated

A

AE: - Expectorants: Prototype: Guaifenesin

64
Q

Pt must drink at least 2-3 L fluid daily

A

Nursing: - Expectorants: Prototype: Guaifenesin

65
Q

The nurse is caring for a client prescribed oxymetazoline. Which assessment should the nurse perform prior to administration?
A.Lung sounds
B.Blood pressure
C.Nasal mucosa
D.Level of consciousness

A

Answer: C
Rationale: Local sympathomimetic administered topical nasal route. Indicated for nasal congestion. Systemic effects are unlikely.

Pharm (30 decks)

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