Ch. 2

Question 1

Drug -

Answer 1

any chemical affects physiologic processes of living organism

Question 2

Pharmaceutics -

Answer 2

study how various dosage forms influence way in which drug affects body

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics -

Answer 3

study of what body does to drug; involves processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 4

Pharmacodynamics -

Answer 4

study what drug does to the body; involves drug-receptor relationships

Question 5

Absorption

Answer 5

Movement drug from site admin into bloodstream for distribution to tissues
Bioavailability - extent drug absorption; first pass effect reduces this to less than 100%
Affect rate: how admin, route

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

Transport drug by bloodstream to site action
Distributed first to those with extensive blood supply
Once in bloodstream distributed throughout the body
Starting to be eliminated by organs that metabolize and excrete drugs (liver and kidneys)
Protein binding may lead to drug-drug interaction (when presence of one drug decreases/increases actions of another that is administered concurrently)

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

Aka biotransformation
Involves biochem alteration of drug into inactive metabolite (more soluble compound), more potent active metabolite (as conversion inactive prodrug to active form) or less active metabolite
Liver most responsible for this; others: skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa
Many drugs can inhibit drug-metabolizing enzymes - enzyme inhibitors - accumulation drug and prolongation of effects of drug leading to toxicity; stim it enzyme inducers - decreased effects - stim formation of new microsomal enzymes

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

Elimination drugs from body
Primary organ: kidney; other ones: bowel, liver
Most metabolized by liver and are more polar and water-soluble