09/09 Flashcards
Which of the following should the nurse do prior to admin of a med? SATA
A. ask about the client’s history of allergies/use of herbal substances
B. Identify its potential for interactions with certain foods
C. doc the admin of the prescribed therapy
D. conduct a med reconciliation
E. doc the client’s response to the therapy
Answer: A, B, D
Key word: prior to admin of med; looking for things do before; things do for doc is incorrect
Medication reconciliation - going and looking at current meds and if any discrepancies what taking currently and what ordered and situation
A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection. Which of the following factors influence the size and guage of the needle the nurse will use? SATA
A. the client’s age
B. the viscosity of the med
C. the timing of med admin
D. the location of the injection
E. the amount of adipose tissue
F. the client’s height
Answer: A, B, D, E
Thickness of med - thicker type of med - diff type gauge
Which of the following would the nurse address when conducting a medication history?SATA
A. use of contraceptives
B. intake of caffeine
C. use of folk remedies
D. allergies
E. alcohol abuse
F. use of plant extracts
Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
A medication profile/med history reviews, but is not limited to, the following information: allergies of any type, any and all drug use; listing of all prescribed meds; use of home/folk remedies and herbal and/or homeopathic treatments, plant, or animal extracts, and dietary supplements; intake of alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine; current/past history of illegal drug use; use of OTC meds; use of hormonal drugs
Use of oral contraceptives or female pats; getting history and use of contr - imp; med interactions - want on med list; trying get pregnant or not; need larger convo with a provider
An 86-year-old pat is being discharged to home on drug therapy for hyperthyroidism and has very little information regarding the medication. Which statement best reflects a realistic outcome of patient teaching activities?
A. the patient and patient’s daughter will state proper way to take the drug
B. the nurse will provide
C. the patient will state all symptoms of toxicity of the drug
D. the patients will call the prescriber if AE occur
Answer: A
Find outcome of teaching activity
A patient with a severe infection is given gentamicin, the only antibiotic shown to be effective in culture and sensitivity tests. A few hours after the drug is started intravenously, the patient becomes very restless and develops edema. Blood tests reveal abnormal electrolytes and elevated BUN. This rxn was most likely caused by which of the following?
A. an anaphylactic rxn
B. a superinfection related to use of antibiotics
C. renal toxicity associated with this med
D. hypoglycemia
Answer: C
Clues: abnormal electrolytes, elevated BUN (kidney related lab value)
Renal toxicity and manifestations: AKI: developing edema (retain fluid - not excreting properly), abnormal ele, elevated BUN - BUN - lab look at see how well kidneys func - kidneys not excreting appropriately
When establishing nursing interventions for a hospitalized client’s plan of care, which statement is most accurate?
A. the hospialized client is too ill to be actively involved
B. the client’s family should be included only at discharge
C. care should only be provided when client states they are ready
D. analysis of all data accumulated should be incorporated in the plan of care
Answer: D
All others are false
A new drug has been approved for use, and the drug manufacturer has made it available for sale. During the first 6 months, the FDA receives reports of severe adverse effects that were not discovered during the testing and considers withdrawing that drug. This illustrates which phase of investigational drug studies?
A. phase I
B. phase II
C. phase III
D. phase IV
Answer: D
Already approved; gone through phases
The nurse keeps in mind that which measures are used to reduce the risk of med errors? SATA
A. when questioning a drug order, keep in mind that the prescriber is correct
B. avoid abbreviations and acronyms
C. use two patient identifiers before giving meds
D. always double-check many drugs with sound-alike and look-alike names because of high risk of error
E. if the drug route has not been specified, use the oral route
Answer: B, C, D
Looking for answers reducing med errors
D - think only supposed double check those drugs but check all those; true statement; do for all but also for those
The nurse is giving meds to a newly admitted patient who is to receive NPO status and finds an order written as follows: “Digoxin, 250 mcg stat”. Which action is appropriate?
A. give the med immediately (stat) PO because the patient has no IV access at this time
B. clarify the order with the prescriber before giving the drug
C. ask the charge nurse what route the prescriber meant to use
D. start an IV line, then give the med IV so that it will work faster, because patient’s status is NPO at this time
Answer: B
Missing route; get from prescriber
A drug dose the delivers 10 mg has a half-life of 5 hrs. Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life
Answer: 5mg
The patient is receiving two diff drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs have the same concetration of the active ingredient. Which term is used to identify this principle?
A. steady state
B. prodrugs
C. synergistic
D. bioequivalent
Answer: D
Steady state - two drugs absorbed into the circulation in same amount have the same bioavailability thus are bioequivalent; drug’s steady state is physiological state in which amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to amount of drug absorbed from each dose
Bioavailability - amount active ingredient that can exert an effect
Synergistic - 2 drugs make greater effect if one take one without the other; two drugs, given together, with a resulting effect that is greater than sum of effects of each drug given alone
Prodrug - metabolizes to active form; inactive drug dosage form that is converted to active metabolite by various biochem rxns once inside the body
When given an intravenous medication, the patient says to the nurse, “I usually take pills. Why does this medication have to be given in the arm?
A. “The medication will cause fewer adverse effects when given intravenously.”
B. “The intravenous medication will have delayed absorptioninto the body’s tissues.”
C. “There is a lower chance of allergic reactions when drugs are given intravenously.”
D. “The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously.”
Answer: D
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs?
A. parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect
B. absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty
C. absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach
D. parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream
Answer: A
First-pass effect with oral drugs and liver processes them; other ones directly into bloodstream and gen circ and able go out and exert effects; effects exerted when go to tissues and attached to receptor
When monitoring the patient receiving an intravenous infusion to reduce blood pressure, the nurse notes that the patient’s blood pressure is extremely low, and the patient is lethargic and difficult to awaken. This would be classified as which type of adverse drug reaction?
A. Pharmacologic rxn
B. allergic rxn
C. adverse effect
D. idiosyncratic rxn
Answer: A
Pharmacologic rxn - primary adverse effect; overdose; extension of drug’s normal effects on body
AE - predictable, well-known drug rxn that results in minor/no changes in patient management
Allergic rxn - aka hypersensitivity rxn, involves patient’s immune sys
Idiosyncratic rxn - unexpected and defined as genetically determined abnorm response to norm dosages of drug
On right track that adverse effect - extension of drugs mortal effects
The nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses. Which sentence defines a drug’s half-life?
A. the time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body
B. the time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to absorbed into circulation
C. the time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be reach the target cells
D. the time it takes for drug to cause half of its therapeutic response
Answer: A
