Upper Respiratory Disorder Drugs Flashcards
types of drugs
- decongestants
- antitussives (opiod & nonopioid)
- mucolytics
- antihistamines
decongestants moa
-vasoconstricting agents, shrink inflamed/swollen nasal mucosal membranes
decongestants indication
- allergic or nonallergic rhinitis by relieving nasal stuffiness
- actas as decongestant for sinusitis and a cold
decongestants caution/contraindications
- contraindicated with chronic rhinitis
- oral: caution w/ cad, dysrhythmias, and htn (vasoconstriction not limited to nasal mucosa)
- caution in use with children, can cause hyperstimulation
- risk of overstimulation of cns and vasoconstriction with over use
decongestant adverse effects
- rebound congestion (overuse)
- cns stimulation
- vasoconstriction
decongestants implications
- monitor bp and hr
- dont exceed recommended dose
decongestant drug
- oral: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (sudafed), phenylephrine
- nasal: oxymetazoline (longer than 3 day use can cause rebound congestion), naphazoline
anti-tussives moa
-suppresses cough though action on the cns to increase cough threshold
anti-tussives indication
- chronic nonproductive cough to decrease frequency and intensity
- relieve harmful cough
anti-tussives adverse effects
- opioids: cns effects, gi effects, abuse
- nonopioids: drowsiness, rash, hallucinations (in high doses)
anti-tussives drugs
- opioids: codeine, hydrocodone
- nonopioids: dextromethorphan (DM), benzonatate
- locally acting: cough drops, throat lozenges
anti-tussives implications
- dont admin if coughing up green mucus
- dont take with etoh, can over suppress cns system
expectorants moa
increase mucus production to increase cough production
expectorant ae
- n/v
- dry mouth
expectorant drug
guaifenesin
mucolytics moa
thin and enhance flow of secretions in the respiratory passages
mucolytics indications
- inh: acute/chronic pulmonary disorders exacerbated by large amounts of secretions (bronchopulmonary disease, CF, atelectasis, etc.), facilitates cough
- po/iv: antidote for acetaminophen poisoning
mucolytics ae
- aspiration
- bronchospasm
mucolytics implications
- admin INH with ultrasonic nebulizers
- mix oral dose with fruit juice, cola drinks, or water
- have sunction available for oral admin in case of aspiration
- wash face after inh to get rid of stick residue
mucolytics drug
acetylcysteine
antihistamine moa
blocks histamine 1 receptors causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and decreased itching
antihistamines indications
- mild allergic reaction (seasonal allergic rhinits, urticaria, mild transfusion reaction)
- anaphylaxis (hypotension, acute laryngeal edema, bronchospasm)
- motion sickness
- insomnia
antihistamines adverse effects
- sedation/confusion (elderly most often)
- anticholinergic effects
- gi discomfort
- acute toxicity
antihistamines interactions
cns depressants and etoh can increase cns depression
