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NURB 3150 > Upper Respiratory Disorder Drugs > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Disorder Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

types of drugs

A
  • decongestants
  • antitussives (opiod & nonopioid)
  • mucolytics
  • antihistamines
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2
Q

decongestants moa

A

-vasoconstricting agents, shrink inflamed/swollen nasal mucosal membranes

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3
Q

decongestants indication

A
  • allergic or nonallergic rhinitis by relieving nasal stuffiness
  • actas as decongestant for sinusitis and a cold
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4
Q

decongestants caution/contraindications

A
  • contraindicated with chronic rhinitis
  • oral: caution w/ cad, dysrhythmias, and htn (vasoconstriction not limited to nasal mucosa)
  • caution in use with children, can cause hyperstimulation
  • risk of overstimulation of cns and vasoconstriction with over use
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5
Q

decongestant adverse effects

A
  • rebound congestion (overuse)
  • cns stimulation
  • vasoconstriction
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6
Q

decongestants implications

A
  • monitor bp and hr

- dont exceed recommended dose

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7
Q

decongestant drug

A
  • oral: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (sudafed), phenylephrine

- nasal: oxymetazoline (longer than 3 day use can cause rebound congestion), naphazoline

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8
Q

anti-tussives moa

A

-suppresses cough though action on the cns to increase cough threshold

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9
Q

anti-tussives indication

A
  • chronic nonproductive cough to decrease frequency and intensity
  • relieve harmful cough
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10
Q

anti-tussives adverse effects

A
  • opioids: cns effects, gi effects, abuse

- nonopioids: drowsiness, rash, hallucinations (in high doses)

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11
Q

anti-tussives drugs

A
  • opioids: codeine, hydrocodone
  • nonopioids: dextromethorphan (DM), benzonatate
  • locally acting: cough drops, throat lozenges
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12
Q

anti-tussives implications

A
  • dont admin if coughing up green mucus

- dont take with etoh, can over suppress cns system

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13
Q

expectorants moa

A

increase mucus production to increase cough production

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14
Q

expectorant ae

A
  • n/v

- dry mouth

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15
Q

expectorant drug

A

guaifenesin

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16
Q

mucolytics moa

A

thin and enhance flow of secretions in the respiratory passages

17
Q

mucolytics indications

A
  • inh: acute/chronic pulmonary disorders exacerbated by large amounts of secretions (bronchopulmonary disease, CF, atelectasis, etc.), facilitates cough
  • po/iv: antidote for acetaminophen poisoning
18
Q

mucolytics ae

A
  • aspiration

- bronchospasm

19
Q

mucolytics implications

A
  • admin INH with ultrasonic nebulizers
  • mix oral dose with fruit juice, cola drinks, or water
  • have sunction available for oral admin in case of aspiration
  • wash face after inh to get rid of stick residue
20
Q

mucolytics drug

A

acetylcysteine

21
Q

antihistamine moa

A

blocks histamine 1 receptors causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and decreased itching

22
Q

antihistamines indications

A
  • mild allergic reaction (seasonal allergic rhinits, urticaria, mild transfusion reaction)
  • anaphylaxis (hypotension, acute laryngeal edema, bronchospasm)
  • motion sickness
  • insomnia
23
Q

antihistamines adverse effects

A
  • sedation/confusion (elderly most often)
  • anticholinergic effects
  • gi discomfort
  • acute toxicity
24
Q

antihistamines interactions

A

cns depressants and etoh can increase cns depression

25
Q

1st generation H1 antagonists

A
  • diphenhydramine
  • promethazine (can cause fatal respiratory and cns depression in children under 2; bbw: can destroy tissues if given iv)
  • dimenhydrinate: sedation
  • meclizine (motion sickness but wont make sleepy)
26
Q

2nd generation H1 antagonists

A
  • loratadine

- cetirizine

27
Q

3rd generation H1 antagonists

A
  • fexofenadine
  • desloratadine
  • azelastine (maintenance drug, can be used long term, no rebound)
28
Q

nasal steroids indications

A
  • management and prevention of allergic rhinitis symptoms

- not associated with adrenal suppression and osteoporosis

29
Q

nasal steroid drugs

A
  • beclomethasone
  • budesonide
  • flunisolide
  • mometasone
  • ciclesonide

NURB 3150 (11 decks)

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