Upper respiratory conditions

Question 1

what is the main concern for upper resp conditions?

Answer 1

primary concern with these conditions is the impact on ventilation and oxygen availability

Question 2

discuss structural and traumatic disorders of the nose

Answer 2

deviated septum

nasal fracture
- periorbital burning of both eyes often suggest skull fracture thus asses for CSF

Question 3

what is epistaxis

Answer 3

nosebleed

1) anterior bleed: most common
- self treated and usually stops spontaneusly

2) posterior bleed: closer to throat
- hard to determine amount of blood loss
- may require emerg

Question 3

what is epistaxis

Answer 3

nosebleed

1) anterior bleed: most common
- self treated and usually stops spontaneusly

2) posterior bleed: closer to throat
- hard to determine amount of blood loss
- may require emerg

Question 4

how to treat epistaxis

Answer 4

• simple first aid
• remain in sitting position leaning forward or recline position with head and shoulders elevated

Question 5

discuss allergic rhinitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to a specific allergen

2 types:
1) seasonal rhinitis: occur in season changes
2) perennial rhinitis is present intermittently or constantly (pet dander, mold, dust)

Question 6

what are nursing managements of allergic rhinitis

Answer 6

• nasal sprays, leukotriene rector antagonists and antihistamine decongestants
• immunotherapy: basically macrodosing the allergen lmao til you get used to it

Question 7

discuss acute viral rhinitis

Answer 7

aka common cold. caused by viruses that invade the upper respiratory tract and induce inflammatory response

• spread by airborne droplet sprays emitted by the infected person

Question 8

what are symptom managements of acute viral rhinitis

Answer 8

• antipyretics
  -analgesics
  -anti-histamines or decongestants

Question 9

what is a pt teaching for acute viral rhinitis

Answer 9

• teach pt to recognize signs and symptoms of bacterial infection T>38
• purulent nasal exudate
• tender swollen glands
• sore red throat

Question 10

discuss influenza

Answer 10

viral infection that causes inflammation and necrosis of the tissues

3 groups:

1) A
2) B
3) C

Question 11

what are managements of influenza

Answer 11

regular hand washing and annual vaccinations
- antivirals can be given to high risk pt’s

Question 12

what are the 3 types of coron’s?

Answer 12

1)SARS

2) MERS

3) SARS-CoV-2

Question 13

discuss sinusitis

Answer 13

inflammation or swelling of the mucosa blocks the opening in the sinuses where mucus drains into the nose

2 types:

1) acute sinusitis - usually results from an upper respiratory infection

2) chronic sinusitis - persistent infection usually associated with allergies and nasal polyps

Question 14

what are symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 14

• pain over sinuses
• purulent nasal discharge
• allergens

Question 15

which of the Upper respiratory conditions should you avoid allergens

Answer 15

allergic rhinitis and sinusitis

Question 16

which need antibiotics

Answer 16

only sinusitis needs if caused by bacterial infection

Question 17

what is polyps

Answer 17

benign mucous membrane masses that form slowly in response to repeated inflammation of the sinus or nasal mucosa

Question 18

what are inorganic and organic foreign bodies

Answer 18

inorganic - buttons and beads -> may cause no symptoms
organic - wood, cotton, beans and peas -> produce local inflammatory reaction and nasal discharge

Question 19

discuss acute pharyngitis

Answer 19

acute inflammation of pharyngeal walls

caused by virus which is most common, bacterial (like strep throat) or fungal (like candidiasis)

Question 20

what are symptoms of acute pharyngitis?

Answer 20

• scratch throat = pain so severe that swallowing is difficult
• red and oedematous pharynx with or without patty yellow exudates

Question 21

what are nursing managements for acute pharyngitis?

Answer 21

antibiotics for bacterial infections
- pt can be CONTAGIOUS until they have been on antibiotics for 24-48 hours

Question 22

what is peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 22

a complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils

usually tonsillectomy is scheduled

Question 23

what are 2 types of airway obsturctions

Answer 23

1) complete - medical emergency

2) partial - aspiration or foreign body

Question 24

symptoms of airway obstructions

Answer 24

• stridor
• use of accessory muscles
• wheezing

Question 25

interventions of airway obstructions

Answer 25

• suction
• Heimlich manuever
• tracheostomy

Question 26

what are parts of the tracheostomy

Answer 26

Faceplate or flange
- Rests on the neck between the clavicle and an outer cannula

Obturator
- Used when inserting the tube

Outer cannula

Inner cannula
- Can be removed for cleaning (removal of mucous)
- Can be disposable

cuffed vs uncured
- Cuffed tracheostomies provide an airway seal
- Inflated cuff exerts pressure on tracheal mucosa
- Should not be inflated > 20 mm Hg or 25 cm H20

taped ties changed at least 24hrs after insertion procedure

Question 27

what do you do when the decannulation accidentally occurs watch YouTube

Answer 27

• Spread stoma with tracheal dilator
• Insert spare tracheostomy with obturator
• Remove obturator once inserted to permit airflow
• Insert a suction catheter and thread new tube over the catheter,
  then remove the suction catheter
• Minor dyspnea may be alleviated with semi-Fowler’s position
• Severe dyspnea can progress to respiratory distress
• Cover stoma with sterile dressing and use bag-valve mask
  ventilation