Upper respiratory conditions Flashcards
what is the main concern for upper resp conditions?
primary concern with these conditions is the impact on ventilation and oxygen availability
discuss structural and traumatic disorders of the nose
deviated septum
nasal fracture
- periorbital burning of both eyes often suggest skull fracture thus asses for CSF
what is epistaxis
nosebleed
1) anterior bleed: most common
- self treated and usually stops spontaneusly
2) posterior bleed: closer to throat
- hard to determine amount of blood loss
- may require emerg
what is epistaxis
nosebleed
1) anterior bleed: most common
- self treated and usually stops spontaneusly
2) posterior bleed: closer to throat
- hard to determine amount of blood loss
- may require emerg
how to treat epistaxis
- simple first aid
- remain in sitting position leaning forward or recline position with head and shoulders elevated
discuss allergic rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to a specific allergen
2 types:
1) seasonal rhinitis: occur in season changes
2) perennial rhinitis is present intermittently or constantly (pet dander, mold, dust)
what are nursing managements of allergic rhinitis
- nasal sprays, leukotriene rector antagonists and antihistamine decongestants
- immunotherapy: basically macrodosing the allergen lmao til you get used to it
discuss acute viral rhinitis
aka common cold. caused by viruses that invade the upper respiratory tract and induce inflammatory response
- spread by airborne droplet sprays emitted by the infected person
what are symptom managements of acute viral rhinitis
- antipyretics
-analgesics
-anti-histamines or decongestants
what is a pt teaching for acute viral rhinitis
- teach pt to recognize signs and symptoms of bacterial infection T>38
- purulent nasal exudate
- tender swollen glands
- sore red throat
discuss influenza
viral infection that causes inflammation and necrosis of the tissues
3 groups:
1) A
2) B
3) C
what are managements of influenza
regular hand washing and annual vaccinations
- antivirals can be given to high risk pt’s
what are the 3 types of coron’s?
1)SARS
2) MERS
3) SARS-CoV-2
discuss sinusitis
inflammation or swelling of the mucosa blocks the opening in the sinuses where mucus drains into the nose
2 types:
1) acute sinusitis - usually results from an upper respiratory infection
2) chronic sinusitis - persistent infection usually associated with allergies and nasal polyps
what are symptoms of sinusitis?
- pain over sinuses
- purulent nasal discharge
- allergens
which of the Upper respiratory conditions should you avoid allergens
allergic rhinitis and sinusitis
which need antibiotics
only sinusitis needs if caused by bacterial infection
what is polyps
benign mucous membrane masses that form slowly in response to repeated inflammation of the sinus or nasal mucosa
what are inorganic and organic foreign bodies
inorganic - buttons and beads -> may cause no symptoms
organic - wood, cotton, beans and peas -> produce local inflammatory reaction and nasal discharge
discuss acute pharyngitis
acute inflammation of pharyngeal walls
caused by virus which is most common, bacterial (like strep throat) or fungal (like candidiasis)
what are symptoms of acute pharyngitis?
- scratch throat = pain so severe that swallowing is difficult
- red and oedematous pharynx with or without patty yellow exudates
what are nursing managements for acute pharyngitis?
antibiotics for bacterial infections
- pt can be CONTAGIOUS until they have been on antibiotics for 24-48 hours
what is peritonsillar abscess?
a complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils
usually tonsillectomy is scheduled
what are 2 types of airway obsturctions
1) complete - medical emergency
2) partial - aspiration or foreign body
symptoms of airway obstructions
- stridor
- use of accessory muscles
- wheezing
interventions of airway obstructions
- suction
- Heimlich manuever
- tracheostomy
what are parts of the tracheostomy
Faceplate or flange
- Rests on the neck between the clavicle and an outer cannula
Obturator
- Used when inserting the tube
Outer cannula
Inner cannula
- Can be removed for cleaning (removal of mucous)
- Can be disposable
cuffed vs uncured
- Cuffed tracheostomies provide an airway seal
- Inflated cuff exerts pressure on tracheal mucosa
- Should not be inflated > 20 mm Hg or 25 cm H20
taped ties changed at least 24hrs after insertion procedure
what do you do when the decannulation accidentally occurs watch YouTube
- Spread stoma with tracheal dilator
- Insert spare tracheostomy with obturator
- Remove obturator once inserted to permit airflow
- Insert a suction catheter and thread new tube over the catheter,
then remove the suction catheter - Minor dyspnea may be alleviated with semi-Fowler’s position
- Severe dyspnea can progress to respiratory distress
- Cover stoma with sterile dressing and use bag-valve mask
ventilation
