inflammatory & structural heart disorders Flashcards
what are the 3 layers of the heart from inner to outer?
1) endocardium : innermost layer and heart vales
2) Myocardium: muscle layer
3) Pericardium: sac that encloses the heart
what is endocarditis?
inflammation INSIDE the heart
how does endocarditis happen?
pathogens enter the bloodstream and form vegetative lesions which enlarge and can disrupt blood flow
- heart valves can’t fully close
what causes endocarditis?
infection (bacterial, viral or fungi)
what’re the risk factors and complications of endocarditis?
risk:
- IV drugs use
- dental procedures
- valve replacement surgery
Complications:
embolizations of vegetation can impact oxygen flow to other organs
what is pericarditis?
inflammation OUTSIDE the heart (scaring and fibrosis)
the heart gets compressed and cardiac function is restricted
what causes pericarditis?
infection, myocardial industry, autoimmune disorders
what are risk factors and complications of pericarditis?
risk factors:
- end stage renal disease
- trauma
- surgery
complications:
- pericardial effusion (fluid build up int he pericardial cavity)
- cardiac tamponade (accumulation of fluid compresses the heart)
how will someone who has endocarditis look like?
KEY ONES:
HEART MURMUR
FEVER
PETECHIA - rash on skin
SPLINTER HEMMORRHAGE - clots of the mold from heart break off and end up in the fingernails
OSLER’S NODES - rash on hands
JANEWAY LESIONS - lesions on hands
what will someone with pericarditis complain about? 3 things
pain on pericardial region and left side of the neck, back and shoulder area
fever
gets worse with coughing, lying down or inspiration
collaboration interventions for endocarditis and pericarditis?
endocarditis:
- antibiotic therapy
- repair or remove affected valve
- if you remove vegetation you risk embolization aka stroke
pericarditis:
- NSAIDs for pain management if its bad the corticosteroids
- pericardial drainage for complications (pericardiocentesis)
what are the 2 types of valvular heart disease?
two main types of valvular changes that can occur:
1) Stenosis: stiff, narrowed, hard valves
- FORWARD blood flow is AFFECTED
2) Regurgitation: incomplete closure of valve leaflets
- RETURN of blood or back flow of blood
what produces S1 and S2? (which valves and their category)
1) AV valves (S1)
- mitral (Left)
- tricuspid (Right)
2) Semilunar Valves (S2)
- Aortic
-Pulmonic
what is the circulation of blood through the heart?
superior and inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> rest of da body
what are the 2 types of aortic valvular disorders?
1) aortic stenosis : blood flow in LEFT VENTRICLE INTO AORTA during SYSTOLE is impaired
2) Aortic regurgitation: blood flows back into the LEFT VENTRICLES FROM THE AORTA during DIASTOLE
