Upper resp infection Flashcards
What are the 5 main upper resp tract infection (SLOEWP)
Sinusitis Laryngobronchitis Otitis Media Epiglotitis Whooping Cough Pharyngitis
What is Pharyngitis
Pharynx inflammation +/ exudate
What are the causes of pharyngitis
EBV (Glandular fever)
Group A Haem. Strep (S Pyogenes)
Group A Beta haem (S Pyogenes/Strep Throat)
What are the presentations of pharyngitis
Sore throat and fever
Viral? cough and blocked nose
Bacterial? Exudate
What pathology must be ruled out when dealing with pharyngitis
Rheumatic fever in children if bacterial cause
-2-4 weeks post group A strep infection
Px = 2-4 weeks post Group A Strep infection
What is Otitis media
Inflamed middle ear of children
What is otitis typically caused by
Streptococci
How is Otitis media investigated
Otoscopy = Inflamed erythmatous tympanic membrane
Pharyngitis and Otitis are typically caused by Strep, How should they be treated
Amoxicillin (Flucloxacillin)
What is Sinusitis
Inflamed mucosa of nasal cavity and sinus
What is the typical cause of sinusitis
Viral infection (Non Purulent <10 days) Bacteria (Purulent >10days) -S Pneumo and H Influenzae
Sinusitis is self limiting but can be managed with what Abx
Amoxicillin
What is Epiglotitis
Inflammation of epiglottis obstructing the airways (Children)
What is the most common cause of epiglottitis
H Influenzae
What is the presentation of Epiglottitis
Tripoding
-(lean forward, mouth open and tongue out to breathe)
Sore throat
SOB
How is Epiglottitis Investigated
Laryngoscopy = GOLD XRAY = Thumb print sign
What is shown on a lateral radiograph/xray for epiglottitis
Thumb print sign
What is Whooping Cough
Chronic cough caused by Bordella Pertussis (Gram negative)
What is the bacteria causing Whooping cough
Bordella Pertussis
-Gram negative bacillus
What is Laryngobronchitis
URTI complication from para-influenza and measles
How does Laryngobronchitis present
Hoarse voice and barking cough
High pitched inhale
High pitched inhale
How is Laryngobronchitis treated
Dexamethasone
What is tripodding
Presentation of epiglottitis
-Lean forward mouth open to breathe
What disease is the thumb print sign found on x ray
Epiglottitis
Hoarse voice
Barking cough
High pitched inhale are charecteristics of what infection
Laryngobronchitis
In sinusitis if a cough is purelent and lasts for >10 days, what is the most likely cause
Bacterial
What is the first management of a patient with epiglottitis
Endotracheal intubation
-Airway management
What medicine can be given for epiglottitis
Cerufoxime
How is whooping cough treated
<21 days = Macrolide
>21 days = Paracetemol
