Bronchial Carcinoma Flashcards
What is Bronchial carcinoma
Lung Parenchymal malignancy
Small cell vs non small cell
What are the RF for Bronchial carcinoma
Smoking Asbestos Coal Radiation Hx of Lung disease
What is a BALT Lymphoma
Non Hodgkin lymphoma originating at Bronchi
Bronchi Associated Tissue Lymphoma
What is a small cell lung cancer and who is it exclusive for
Paraneoplastic syndromes for smokers
- Cushings (Ectopic ACTH)
- SIADH (Ectopic ADH)
- Lamber Eaton (NMJ Disorder)
What are the charecteristics of small cell lung cancers
Affect smokers Paraneoplastic syndromes Fast growing Ealy Mets. Central lung lesions
What is the most common type of bronchial carcinoma
Non small cell lung cancer
- Squamous
- Adenocarcinoma (MC)
- Carcinoid tumour
- Large cell
Who is mostly affected by squamous cell carcinoma
Smokers
Where does Squamous cell carcinoma attack
Central lung from lung epithelium
- Lesions w/necrosis
- PTH release = Hypercalcemia
Where do Squamous cell carcinomas arise from
Lung Epithelium
Describe the met and spread of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Late Mets
Local spread
Local Spread
Who is mostly affected by Adneocarcinomas
Asbestos workers
Where do adenocarcinomas affect
Peripheral lung from mucus secreting glandular epithelium
Describe the mets of Adenocarcinomas (BBALL)
Common mets w/
- Bone
- Brain
- Adrenals
- Lymph nodes
- Liver
What is Carcinoid syndrome
Neuroendocrine tumour that secretes serotonin arising from GI Tract
-MEN 1 Mutation and Neurofibromatosis 1
Arises from GIT and Lungs
What is Carcinoid syndrome associated w/
MEN1 Mutation and Neurofibromatosis 1
What is the biggest cause of secondary Hypertrophic osteoarthritis
Adenocarcinomas
Px w/ clubbing, arthritis and long bone swelling
What is the hypertrophic osteoarthritic triad
Clubbing
Arthritis
Long Bone swelling
What are the presentations of most Bronchial Carcinomas
Chest pain
CougH W/ Haemoptysis
Cancer Sx and Met Sx
PEMBERTONS ANND HORNERS SYNDROME
What are the three main signs of Lung Mets
Hoarse Voice
Horner Syndrome
Pemberton sign
What is Horner Syndrome
Miosis (Pupil constriction)
Ptosis (Drooped upper eyelid)
Anhydrosis (Cant sweat)
What is Pemberton’s Sign
Face congestion w/ raised arms
How are Bronchial carcinomas Investigated
1st - CXR/CT Imaging
Gold - Bronchoscopy w/ Biopsy
MRI = TNM Staging
What is the gold standard test for Bronchial carcinomas
Bronchoscopy w/ Biopsy
How are Small cell lung cancers treated
Early = Chemo/Radio MC = Palliative care (Aggresive)
How are Non small cell lung cancers treated
Early = Tumour excision Mets = Chemo/Radio w/ Cetuximab
Which mAb therapy is used to treat Non small cell metastasis
Cetuximab
Why are secondary Lung tumours more common than primary
Lungs oxygenate all blood
All blood goes to lung
High Met risk from Breast, kidney, bowel and bladder cancer
What is a Pancoast Tumour
Tumour in Lung apex
Metastasise to neck’s Sympathetic Plexus = Horners syndrome (Ptosis, Miosis and anhydrosis)
Which syndrome associates with pancoast tumour
Horner’s
Central lung lesions are charecterisitics of what lung cancer
Squamous cell lung carcinoma
Where does an adenocarcinoma of the lung arise from
mucus secreting glandular epithelium
