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Kinesiology > Upper Quarter 1 > Flashcards

Upper Quarter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the classification of the humeroulner and humeroradial joints

A

Diarthrodial uniaxial hinge joint

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1
Q

What are the joints of the elbow and forearm?

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar
Distal radioulnar

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2
Q

What are the osseous structures of the humerus?

A 
Supracondylar ridge
Epicondyles
Olecranon fossa
Trochlea
Trochlear groove
Capitulum
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3
Q

What are the osseous structures of the ulna?

A

Olecranon process
Trochlear notch
Trochlear ridge
Coronoid process

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4
Q

What are the ligamentous structures of the elbow joint?

A

Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

Lateral (radial) collateral ligament

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5
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament of the elbow do?

A

Resists valgus stress

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6
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow do?

A

Resists varus stress

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7
Q

What are the three prime flexors of the elbow?

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

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8
Q

What are the two prime extensors of the elbow?

A

Triceps

Anconeus

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9
Q

What are the motions of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joint?

A

Flexion
Extension
In Sagittal plane and coronal or M/L axis

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10
Q

Does active or passive ROM allow for more movement?

A

Passive, due to the bulk of the muscle not contracting.

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11
Q

Which position of the hand allows for greater flexion: supination, pronation, neutral?

A

Supination

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12
Q

For elbow flexion and extension, is it concave on convex or convex on concave?

A

Concave on convex

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13
Q

How do you classify the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A

Diarthrodial uniaxial pivot joints

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14
Q

What are the osseous structures of the radius?

A

Radial head

Ulnar notch

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15
Q

What are the osseous structures of the ulna

A

Radial notch

Ulnar head

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16
Q

What are the ligamentous structures of the forearm?

A

Annular ligament
Quadrate ligament
Interosseous membrane
Oblique cord

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17
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

Maintains radial head in radial notch

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18
Q

What does the quadrate ligament do?

A

Maintains radial head in radial notch

Limits spin of radial head in supination/pronation

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19
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do?

A

Provides stability for the ulnar joints
Taut in pronation, loose in supination
Transmits forces from distal radius to the ulna and up the chain when compressive forces are applied

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20
Q

What does the oblique cord do?

A

Prevents separation of the radius and ulna when distractive forces are applies

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21
Q

What are the prime supinators of the forearm?

A

Biceps Brachii

Supinator

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22
Q

What are the prime pronators of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

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23
Q

What are the motions of the forearm?

A

Supination
Pronation
In the transverse plane and vertical axis

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24
Q

How is ROM of the forearm tested?

A

With the elbow at 90 degrees

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25
Q

What is the range of active flexion of the elbow

A

135-140

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26
Q

What is the range of passive flexion of the elbow?

A

150-160 degrees

27
Q

What is the average total range of motion of the radioulnar joint?

A

150-180 degrees

28
Q

What is the average ROM of supination?

A

80-90 degrees

29
Q

What is the average ROM of pronation?

A

70-80 degrees

30
Q

What limits pronation of the forearm?

A

Bony approximation of radius on ulna
Tension of post. Radioulnar ligament
Passive insufficiency of biceps
Quadrate ligament limits spin

31
Q

What limits supination of the forearm?

A

Tension of ant. Radioulnar ligament
Oblique cord tension
Quadrate ligament tension

32
Q

For supination and pronation, are the distal and proximal joints convex on concave or concave on convex?

A

Proximal- convex on concave

Distal- concave on convex

33
Q

What are the joints of the wrist?

A

Radiocarpal joint

Midcarpal joint

34
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
35
Q

What are the ligamentous structures of the wrist?

A

Medial carpal ligament
Lateral carpal ligament
Transverse carpal ligament

36
Q

What is another name for medial carpal ligament?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

37
Q

What is another name for the lateral carpal ligament?

A

Radial collateral ligament

38
Q

What are the pillars of the transverse carpal ligament?

A

Pisiform
Hook of hamate
Scaphoid tubercle
Tubercle on trapezium

39
Q

What are the prime flexor a of the wrist?

A

Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis

40
Q

What are the prime extensors of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris

41
Q

What are the prime radial deviators?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

42
Q

What are the prime ulnar deviators?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

43
Q

What are the proximal components of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

44
Q

What are the distal components of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum

45
Q

Where are 80% of the compressive forces through the wrist?

A

The radius articulating with scaphoid and lunate

46
Q

Where are 20% of the compressive forces in the wrist?

A

TFCC articulating with lunate and triquetrum

47
Q

What is in the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint?

A

Capitate-hamate articulating with scaphoid-lunate-triquetrum

48
Q

What is in the lateral compartment of the midcarpal joint?

A

Scaphoid articulating with trapezoid-triquetrum

49
Q

What is the point of the pisiform bone?

A

Acts as a sesmoid bone to increase the moment arm of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

50
Q

How would you classify the radiocarpal joint?

A

Biaxial compound ellipsoid joint

51
Q

How do you classify the midcarpal joint?

A

It can’t be defined

52
Q

What are the motions of the wrist?

A

Flexion/extension
In Sagittal plane and coronal axis
Radial/ulnar deviation
In frontal plane and A/P axis

53
Q

What’s the normal ROM of the wrist?

A

Flexion-80-90 degrees
Extension-60-80 degrees
Ulnar deviation-30-40 degrees
Radial deviation-15-20

54
Q

What are the joints of the hand?

A 
Carpometacarpal joint 1-5
Metacarpophalangeal joint 1-5
Proximal interphalangeal joint 2-5
Distal interphalangeal joints 2-5
Interphalangeal joint 1
55
Q

What are the osseous structures of the hand?

A

Metacarpals
Proximal phalanges
Distal phalanges
Middle phalanges

56
Q

What are the prime flexors of the finger MCP and IP joints?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Lumbricals
Flexor digiti minimi

57
Q

What are the prime extensors of the finger MCP and IP joint?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indices
Extensor digiti minimi

58
Q

How do you cause the extensor digitorum to work less?

A

Close fingers into a fist

59
Q

What are the prime abductors of the fingers?

A

Dorsal interossei

Abductor digiti minimi

60
Q

What is the prime adductor of the fingers?

A

Palmar interossei

61
Q

What are the prime flexors of the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

62
Q

What are the prime extensors of the thumb?

A

Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

63
Q

What are the prime abductors of the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

64
Q

What is the prime adductor of the thumb?

A

Adductor pollicis

65
Q

What are the prime oppositioners of the hand?

A

Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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