Lower Quarter 2

Question 1

What are the anatomic osseous structures of the foot and ankle?

Answer 1

Talus
calcaneus (sustenaculum tali)
navicular (tuberosity)
cuboid
cuniforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
metatarsals (base of fifth)
phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

Question 2

What are included in the lateral collateral ligament of the foot?

Answer 2

anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament

Question 3

What is included in the medial collateral ligament of the foot?

Answer 3

Deltoid ligament

Question 4

What makes up the deltoid ligament of the foot?

Answer 4

tibionavicular fibers
tibiocalcaneal fibers
tibitalar fibers

Question 5

What is considered the spring ligament?

Answer 5

plantar clacaneonavicular

Question 6

What is considered the short plantar ligament?

Answer 6

plantar calcaneocuboid

Question 7

Where does the long plantar ligament attach to?

Answer 7

calcaneous to cuneiforms/cuboid

Question 8

Where does the plantar fascia attach to?

Answer 8

calcaneous to proximal phalanges

Question 9

What are the functional segments of the foot?

Answer 9

rearfoot
midfoot
forefoot

Question 10

What are the functional joints of the foot?

Answer 10

talocrural
subtalar
transverse tarsal

Question 11

What motions are triplanar motions?

Answer 11

pronation (abduction, eversion, dorsiflexion)

supination (adduction, inversion, plantarflexion)

Question 12

What is the classification of the talocrural joint?

Answer 12

Hinge joint

Question 13

What are the motions and degrees of freedom of the talocrural joint?

Answer 13

plantarflexion
dorsiflexion
1 degree of freedom

Question 14

What plane and axis does the talacrural joint move in?

Answer 14

sagittal plane

coronal axis

Question 15

What is the closed-pack position of the talocrural joint?

Answer 15

Full dorsiflexion

Question 16

What is the classification of the subtalar joint?

Answer 16

composite (uniaxial joint allowing triplanar motion)

Question 17

What are the motions and degrees of freedom of the subtalar joint?

Answer 17

supination
pronation
3 degrees of freedom

Question 18

what is the axis of the subtalar joint?

Answer 18

oblique axis

Question 19

What is the closed packed position of the subtalar joint?

Answer 19

Supination

Question 20

What is the classification of the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 20

compound joint (talonavicular, calcaneocuboid)

Question 21

What are the motions and degrees of freedom of the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 21

supination (talonavicular-inversion, calcaneocuboid-adduction, plantarflexion)
pronation(TN-eversion, CC-abduction, dorsiflexion)
three degrees of freedom

Question 22

What is the axis of the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 22

longitudinal (TN)

Oblique (CC)

Question 23

What is the close-packed position of the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 23

supination

Question 24

What is the classification of the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 24

plane joints

Question 25

What are the motions of the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 25

dorsiflexion (with slight inversion) | plantarflexion (with slight eversion)

Question 26

What is the plane and axis of the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 26

oblique plane | oblique axis

Question 27

What is the closed packed position of the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 27

none identified

Question 28

What are the rays of the foot?

Answer 28

A functional unit formed by a metatarsal and its associated cuneiforms.

Question 29

Where do the rays articulate?

Answer 29

Rays 1-3 are associated with the cuneiforms as they articulate on the navicular rays 4-5 only articulate with the cuboid

Question 30

what is the classification of the metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 30

condyloid joint

Question 31

What are the motions and degrees of freedom of the metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 31

``` flexion extension abduction adduction 2 degrees of freedom ```

Question 32

What plane and axis does the metatarsophalangeal joint move?

Answer 32

``` sagittal plane (flexion/extension) frontal plane (abduction/adduction) coronal axis (flexion/extension) A-P axis (abduction/adduction) ```

Question 33

What is the closed-pack position of the metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 33

full extension

Question 34

What is the classification of the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 34

hinge joint

Question 35

what are the motions and degrees of freedom of the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 35

flexion extension 1 degree of freedom

Question 36

What plane and axis for the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 36

sagittal plane | coronal axis

Question 37

what is the closed-packed position of the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 37

Full extension

Question 38

What are the plantarflexors of the foot?

Answer 38

Gastrocnemius | Soleus

Question 39

What are the dorsiflexors of the foot?

Answer 39

Anterior Tibialis extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus

Question 40

What are the inverters of the foot?

Answer 40

Posterior Tibialis | Anterior Tibialis

Question 41

What are the Evertors of the foot?

Answer 41

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus

Question 42

What are the great toe Flexors?

Answer 42

Flexor Hallucis Longus | Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Question 43

What are the toe extensors of the foot?

Answer 43

Extensor hallucis Longus | Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Question 44

What are the flexors of toes 2-5?

Answer 44

Extensor Digitorum Longus | Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 45

What are the extensors of toes 2-5?

Answer 45

Flexor Digitorum Longus | Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Question 46

What are the toe abductors?

Answer 46

Abductor Hallucis-1st toe Abductor digiti Minimi-5th toe Dorsal Interossei-abducts 2nd-4th toes

Question 47

What are the toe adductors?

Answer 47

adductor Hallucis-1st | plantar interosseus