Basic Concepts 1

Question 0

What is kinematics?

Answer 0

Description of motion without regard for the forces producing the motion

Question 1

What is kinesiology?

Answer 1

Study of human movement

Question 2

What is kinetics?

Answer 2

Analysis of the forces that produce motion

Question 3

What are the two types of motion?

Answer 3

Rotatory(angular)

Translatory

Question 4

What are the two types of translatory motions?

Answer 4

Rectilinear-straight line

Curvilinear- curved line

Question 5

What is osteokinematic?

Answer 5

Direction of motion

Question 6

What are the six different types of osteokinematic motion?

Answer 6

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal rotation
External rotation

Question 7

What are the three directions of motion at the midline or spine?

Answer 7

Flexion/extension or forward/backward bending
Lateral flexion right or left
Rotation right or left

Question 8

What plane and axis are flexion and extension?

Answer 8

Sagittal plane

Coronal/ML axis

Question 9

What plane and axis are abduction and adduction?

Answer 9

Frontal plane

AP axis

Question 10

What plane and axis are rotation movements?

Answer 10

Transverse/horizontal plane

Vertical axis

Question 11

What is degrees of freedom?

Answer 11

Number of independent movements allowed at a joint.

Question 12

How many DOF at the shoulder, wrist, and elbow?

Answer 12

Shoulder- 3
Wrist- 2
Elbow- 1

Question 13

How is the magnitude of motion for osteokinematics measured for single series or maximum joint angle?

Answer 13

Degrees

Question 14

How is the magnitude of motion for osteokinematics measured for angular velocity?

Answer 14

Degrees per second

Question 15

What are musculoskeletal levers?

Answer 15

Parallel force systems

Question 16

What is the axis in musculoskeletal levers?

Answer 16

Point where rotation occurs

Question 17

What is the effort arm in musculoskeletal levers?

Answer 17

Distance between the axis and the point where the effort is applied or where the muscle attaches to the body

Question 18

What is the resistance arm of a musculoskeletal lever?

Answer 18

Distance between the axis and the point where resistance is applied

Question 19

What is a first class lever?

Answer 19

The axis always sits between the EA and RA

Question 20

What are two examples of a first class lever?

Answer 20

See Saw

Skull on neck

Question 21

What is a second class lever?

Answer 21

RA is closer to the axis than EA but on the same side

Question 22

What are examples of a second class lever?

Answer 22

Wheelbarrow

Ankle plantarflexion with the met head as the COR

Question 23

What is a third class lever?

Answer 23

EA is closer to the axis than RA but on the same side

Question 24

What are examples of a third class lever?

Answer 24

Shovel | Biceps

Question 25

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 25

The efficacy of the lever system | M ad=EA/RA

Question 26

What two levers have the best mechanical advantage?

Answer 26

First and second class levers

Question 27

What is sacrificed in a third class lever?

Answer 27

Mechanical advantage

Question 28

What is gained from a third class lever?

Answer 28

Maximum angular displacement

Question 29

What are the two motor unit types?

Answer 29

Tonic muscles and phasic muscles

Question 30

What muscles are tonic muscles?

Answer 30

Postural muscles Stability muscles Type I-small neuron Slow oxidative

Question 31

What muscles are phasic muscles?

Answer 31

Non-postural muscles Mobility muscles Type IIa and IIb (Type IIa are fast oxidative glycoloytic-hybrid, type IIb are fast glycolytic-large neurons)

Question 32

Fusiform and/or strap muscles are...

Answer 32

Parallel muscle fibers

Question 33

Examples of parallel muscle fibers are...

Answer 33

Biceps brachi-fusiform | Sternocleidomastoid- strap

Question 34

Pennate muscle fibers are...

Answer 34

Unipennate Bipennate Multipennate

Question 35

Examples of pennate muscles are...

Answer 35

Unipennate-semitendinosus Bipennate-gastrocnemius Multipennate-deltoid

Question 36

What are the two types of muscle tension?

Answer 36

Passive tension and active tension

Question 37

What is passive tension?

Answer 37

Tension developed in the passive noncontractile components of the muscle

Question 38

What is active tension?

Answer 38

Tension developed by the contractile elements of the muscle

Question 39

What is active insufficiency?

Answer 39

Inability of a multi-joint muscle to attain further contraction due to being maximally shortened across a joint

Question 40

What is passive insufficiency?

Answer 40

Elongation of a multi-joint across all joints until no more motion can occur

Question 41

What is tenodesis?

Answer 41

The use of passive insufficiency across one joint to create movement across another

Question 42

What is concentric muscle activation?

Answer 42

Activated muscle that shortens as it produces a pulling force

Question 43

What is eccentric muscle activation?

Answer 43

Activated muscle that lengthens as it produces a pulling force while being elongated by a more dominant force

Question 44

What is isometric muscle activation?

Answer 44

Activated muscle does not change length as it produces a pulling force

Question 45

What is isometric muscle action?

Answer 45

Muscle maintains a constant length as it produces a pulling force

Question 46

What is a isotonic muscle action?

Answer 46

Resistance force or load remains constant as the muscle produces a pulling force

Question 47

What is a isokinetic muscle action?

Answer 47

Angular velocity remains constant as the muscle produces a pulling force

Question 48

What are the seven classifications of muscles?

Answer 48

``` Prime movers (agonists) Antagonists Synergists Co-contraction Flexors/extensors Abductors/adductors Rotators ```