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Kinesiology > Basic Concepts 1 > Flashcards

Basic Concepts 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is kinematics?

A

Description of motion without regard for the forces producing the motion

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1
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

Study of human movement

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2
Q

What is kinetics?

A

Analysis of the forces that produce motion

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3
Q

What are the two types of motion?

A

Rotatory(angular)

Translatory

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4
Q

What are the two types of translatory motions?

A

Rectilinear-straight line

Curvilinear- curved line

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5
Q

What is osteokinematic?

A

Direction of motion

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6
Q

What are the six different types of osteokinematic motion?

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal rotation
External rotation
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7
Q

What are the three directions of motion at the midline or spine?

A

Flexion/extension or forward/backward bending
Lateral flexion right or left
Rotation right or left

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8
Q

What plane and axis are flexion and extension?

A

Sagittal plane

Coronal/ML axis

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9
Q

What plane and axis are abduction and adduction?

A

Frontal plane

AP axis

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10
Q

What plane and axis are rotation movements?

A

Transverse/horizontal plane

Vertical axis

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11
Q

What is degrees of freedom?

A

Number of independent movements allowed at a joint.

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12
Q

How many DOF at the shoulder, wrist, and elbow?

A

Shoulder- 3
Wrist- 2
Elbow- 1

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13
Q

How is the magnitude of motion for osteokinematics measured for single series or maximum joint angle?

A

Degrees

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14
Q

How is the magnitude of motion for osteokinematics measured for angular velocity?

A

Degrees per second

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15
Q

What are musculoskeletal levers?

A

Parallel force systems

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16
Q

What is the axis in musculoskeletal levers?

A

Point where rotation occurs

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17
Q

What is the effort arm in musculoskeletal levers?

A

Distance between the axis and the point where the effort is applied or where the muscle attaches to the body

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18
Q

What is the resistance arm of a musculoskeletal lever?

A

Distance between the axis and the point where resistance is applied

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19
Q

What is a first class lever?

A

The axis always sits between the EA and RA

20
Q

What are two examples of a first class lever?

A

See Saw

Skull on neck

21
Q

What is a second class lever?

A

RA is closer to the axis than EA but on the same side

22
Q

What are examples of a second class lever?

A

Wheelbarrow

Ankle plantarflexion with the met head as the COR

23
Q

What is a third class lever?

A

EA is closer to the axis than RA but on the same side

24
Q

What are examples of a third class lever?

A

Shovel

Biceps

25
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

The efficacy of the lever system

M ad=EA/RA

26
Q

What two levers have the best mechanical advantage?

A

First and second class levers

27
Q

What is sacrificed in a third class lever?

A

Mechanical advantage

28
Q

What is gained from a third class lever?

A

Maximum angular displacement

29
Q

What are the two motor unit types?

A

Tonic muscles and phasic muscles

30
Q

What muscles are tonic muscles?

A

Postural muscles
Stability muscles
Type I-small neuron
Slow oxidative

31
Q

What muscles are phasic muscles?

A

Non-postural muscles
Mobility muscles
Type IIa and IIb
(Type IIa are fast oxidative glycoloytic-hybrid, type IIb are fast glycolytic-large neurons)

32
Q

Fusiform and/or strap muscles are…

A

Parallel muscle fibers

33
Q

Examples of parallel muscle fibers are…

A

Biceps brachi-fusiform

Sternocleidomastoid- strap

34
Q

Pennate muscle fibers are…

A

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

35
Q

Examples of pennate muscles are…

A

Unipennate-semitendinosus
Bipennate-gastrocnemius
Multipennate-deltoid

36
Q

What are the two types of muscle tension?

A

Passive tension and active tension

37
Q

What is passive tension?

A

Tension developed in the passive noncontractile components of the muscle

38
Q

What is active tension?

A

Tension developed by the contractile elements of the muscle

39
Q

What is active insufficiency?

A

Inability of a multi-joint muscle to attain further contraction due to being maximally shortened across a joint

40
Q

What is passive insufficiency?

A

Elongation of a multi-joint across all joints until no more motion can occur

41
Q

What is tenodesis?

A

The use of passive insufficiency across one joint to create movement across another

42
Q

What is concentric muscle activation?

A

Activated muscle that shortens as it produces a pulling force

43
Q

What is eccentric muscle activation?

A

Activated muscle that lengthens as it produces a pulling force while being elongated by a more dominant force

44
Q

What is isometric muscle activation?

A

Activated muscle does not change length as it produces a pulling force

45
Q

What is isometric muscle action?

A

Muscle maintains a constant length as it produces a pulling force

46
Q

What is a isotonic muscle action?

A

Resistance force or load remains constant as the muscle produces a pulling force

47
Q

What is a isokinetic muscle action?

A

Angular velocity remains constant as the muscle produces a pulling force

48
Q

What are the seven classifications of muscles?

A 
Prime movers (agonists)
Antagonists
Synergists
Co-contraction
Flexors/extensors
Abductors/adductors
Rotators

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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