Upper Motor Neurons

Question 1

Lesions in the Premotor cortex or Posterior parietal cortex cause Apraxia, which is a problem with ______

Answer 1

Complex voluntary actions

Question 2

For the Ventral horn, proximal muscles are located more ______

Answer 2

Medially

Question 3

For the ventral horn, distal muscles are located more _____

Answer 3

Distally

Question 4

The Medial UMN descending pathways innervate _____ muscles

Answer 4

Proximal

Question 5

The UMN lateral pathways innervate the ____ motor neurons

Answer 5

Distal

Question 6

The ____ Tract is the only pathway for fine movements of the fingers

Answer 6

Corticospinal

Question 7

The upper to lower extremities are controlled by the Corticospinal tract, but the face is controlled by the ______ tract

Answer 7

Corticobulbar

Question 8

Corticospinal Tract Path:
Cortex—Internal capsule—Cerebral Pedunels—Pons—-______decussation—spinal cord

Answer 8

Medullary Pyramid

Question 9

The _____ sign is a key sign of a Lateral Corticospinal tract lesion

Answer 9

Babinski

Question 10

The Reticulospinal tracts project mainly ipsilaterally to medial alpha motor neurons and contribute to _____ and ______

Answer 10

• Posture
• Gait

Question 11

The reticulospinal tract feeds forward, in that there is _______ ______ for movements

Answer 11

Postural Preparation

Question 12

The _____ vestibulospinal tract restores head position in response to accelerations, whereas the _____ vestibulospinal tract facilitates an extensor “arm-out” reflex

Answer 12

• Medial
• Lateral

Question 13

The tectospinal tract originates in the superior colliculus, crosses in the midbrain, and is used for _____

Answer 13

Head movements towards visual or auditory stimuli

Question 14

All of the brainstem UMN pathways seem to be medial, except for the ________ tract

Answer 14

Rubrospinal

Question 15

Decorticate posture is when the upper limb is _____ and the lower limb is _____

Answer 15

• Flexed
• Extended

Question 16

The corticobulbar tract innervation follow mainly a ______ path, but there are a couple of exceptions

Answer 16

Bilateral

Question 17

Two exceptions to corticobulbar tract being bilaterally innervated

Answer 17

1. Facial nerve is contralateral lower face only
2. CN 12 is contralateral tongue only

Question 18

For baby motor milestones, head control should be attained at ______ month old

Answer 18

1

Question 19

For baby motor milestones, rolling should be attained at _______ months old

Answer 19

6

Question 20

For baby motor milestones, Sitting up without assistance should be attained at _____ months old.

Answer 20

6

Question 21

Moro reflex, plasma grasp, and rooting reflexes should all ______ by 3-6 months

Answer 21

Disappear

Question 22

For baby motor milestones, Standing and walking should be attained by _____ to ______ months

Answer 22

12-18

Question 23

For baby motor milestones, Pulls-to-stand should be attained at ______ months

Answer 23

9

Question 24

For baby motor milestones, a Pincer grasp should be attained by ______ months

Answer 24

12

Question 25

For baby motor milestones, Handedness is expected to be attained by _____ months

Answer 25

18