Upper Limb - Muscles and Movements

Question 1

What surrounds muscles?

Answer 1

Deep fascia

Question 2

Name of fascia in arm

Answer 2

Brachial fascia

Question 3

Name of fascia in forearm

Answer 3

Antebrachial fascia

Question 4

What do fascial septa do?

Answer 4

Join to bone, separate muscle compartments

Question 5

Role of interosseus membrane 1) 2) 3)

Answer 5

1) Joins radius and ulna 2) Provides place for muscle attachments 3) Spreads force between radius and ulna, in a fall, for example

Question 6

Retinaculae

Answer 6

Deep fascia that form a tunnel for nerves, blood vessels, tendons, etc. Prevent tendons bow-stringing

Question 7

Location of flexor retinaculum

Answer 7

Wrist Follows most distal wrist crease Extends a few cms into palm of hand

Question 8

Structure formed by flexor retinaculum

Answer 8

Carpal tunnel

Question 9

Structures housed by flexor retinaculum

Answer 9

1) Tendons of flexor muscles 2) Median nerve

Question 10

Number of tendons housed by flexor retinaculum

Answer 10

Nine tendons + one tendon in the roof

Question 11

Structures supplied by median nerve

Answer 11

Muscle and skin of half of ring finger to thumb

Question 12

Prime movers of shoulder girdle at shoulder joint 1) 2) 3) 4)

Answer 12

1) Trapezius 2) Latissimus dorsi 3) Rhomboids 4) Levator scapulae

Question 13

Function of pectoralis major

Answer 13

Shoulder flexor. Flexes, adducts, internally rotates humerus

Question 14

Function of pectoralis minor

Answer 14

Protracts scapula

Question 15

Serratus anterior

Answer 15

Stabilises scapula against chest wall

Question 16

Synovial sheath role

Answer 16

Prevents tendons becoming irritated with friction

Question 17

Rotator cuff muscles role

Answer 17

Stabilisers Blend with capsule of glenohumeral joint, pull humeral head towards gelnoid socket

Question 18

Anterior muscles of arm 1) 2)

Answer 18

1) Biceps 2) Brachialis

Question 19

Role of biceps

Answer 19

Flexes shoulder joint, elbow joint

Question 20

Role of brachialis

Answer 20

Flexes only elbow joint

Question 21

Role of triceps

Answer 21

Extends elbow

Question 22

Posterior muscles of arm

Answer 22

Triceps

Question 23

Role of anterior forearm muscles

Answer 23

Flex joints they cross

Question 24

Role of posterior forearm muscles

Answer 24

Extend joints they cross

Question 25

General difference between superficial and deep forearm muscles

Answer 25

Superficial are longer than deep muscles

Question 26

Location of common flexor origin

Answer 26

Medial epicondyle of elbow on the humerus

Question 27

Where anterior superficial forearm muscles originate

Answer 27

Common flexor origin

Question 28

Muscles of the anterior superficial forearm 1) 2) 3) 4)

Answer 28

1) Pronator teres 2) Flexor carpi radialis 3) Palmaris longus 4) Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 29

Insertions of anterior superficial forearm muscles

Answer 29

Cross wrist, except for pronator teres

Question 30

Intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 30

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 31

Role of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 31

Flexes digits Very powerful muscle Tendons split as they cross digits

Question 32

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm 1) 2) 3)

Answer 32

1) Flexor pollicis longus 2) Flexor digitorum profundus 3) Pronator quadratus

Question 33

Muscle layers of the anterior forearm

Answer 33

Superficial, intermediate, deep

Question 34

Muscle layers of the posterior forearm

Answer 34

Superficial, deep

Question 35

Muscles of the superficial posterior forearm 1) 2) 3) 4) 5+6)

Answer 35

1) Brachioradialis 2) Extensor carpi longus 3) Extensor carpi brevis 4) Externsor carpi ulnaris 5+6) Extensor digitorum

Question 36

Origin of posterior superficial forearm muscles

Answer 36

Common extensor origin

Question 37

Location of common extensor origin

Answer 37

Lateral epicondyle of elbow on humerus

Question 38

Actions of superficial posterior forearm muscles

Answer 38

Brachioradialis flexes elbow Extensor carpi brevis, extensor carpi longus and extensor carpi ulnaris extend elbow Extensor digitorum extend digits

Question 39

Muscles of deep posterior forearm 1) 2) 3)

Answer 39

1) Supinator 2) Pollux (3 muscles) 3) Extensor indicis propius (extends index finger)

Question 40

Muscles of the ‘anatomical snuffbox’

Answer 40

1) Abductor pollicis longus 2) Extensor pollicis brevis 3) Supinator

Question 41

Origin of intrinsic hand muscles

Answer 41

Edge of flexor retinaculum

Question 42

Thenar muscles

Answer 42

Flex, extend, abduct, rotate thumb

Question 43

Hypothenar muscles

Answer 43

Little finger

Question 44

Point of reference for finger abduction/adduction

Answer 44

Middle finder

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

Answer 47