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HSF - Limbs > Lower Limbs - Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Lower Limbs - Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvis

A

Complete ring of bone

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2
Q

Pelvic ‘ring phenomenon’

A

Pelvis often breaks in two places, as it is a compete ring of bone

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3
Q

Orientation of lower limb flexor compartment

A

Posterior

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4
Q

Muscles attaching to ileum

A

Gluteal muscles

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5
Q

Muscles attaching to pubis bone

A

Adductors

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6
Q

Muscles attaching to ischeum

A

Hamstrings

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7
Q

Largest bone in the body

A

Femur

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8
Q

Main femoral trabeculae

A

2 main trabeculae:

  • Upward-facing in head
  • Sideways in neck
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9
Q

Weightbearing bone of leg

A

Tibia

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10
Q

Non-weightbearing bone of leg

A

Fibula

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11
Q

Role of fibula

A

Muscle attachments

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12
Q

What is the shin?

A

Anterior surface of tibial shaft

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13
Q

Structure of superior tibia

A

Tibial plateau

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14
Q

Role of tibial plateau

A

Articular surface for knee joint

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15
Q

Location of trochlea for ankle joint

A

Distal tibia

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16
Q

Structure on distal tibia

A

Trochlea of ankle joint

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17
Q

Which bone is responsible for the medial malleous?

A

Tibia

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18
Q

What are the lateral and medial mallei?

A

Bumps on ankle

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19
Q

Bone responsible for lateral malleus?

A

Fibula

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20
Q

Roles of lateral and medial mallei?

A

Stabilise ankle joint

Collateral ligaments

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21
Q

Largest and strongest tarsal bones

A

Talus and calcaneus

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22
Q

Unique features of the foot
1)
2)

A

1) Non-opposable big toe

2) Foot arch

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23
Q

Anterior capsular ligament in hip

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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24
Q

Location of stronger capsular ligaments in hip

A

Anterior

25
Q

Location of weaker capsular ligaments in hip

A

Posterior

26
Q

Movement that tightens and spirals iliofemoral ligament

A

Extension

27
Q

Effect of extension on iliofemoral joint

A

Tightens, spirals ligament, increasing stability

28
Q

Nerve endangered in posterior iliofemoral dislocation

A

Sciatic nerve

29
Q

Why fracture can lead to avascular necrosis of femoral head

A

Vessels anastamose across femoral head, and can be torn if break occurs

30
Q

Complications of breaking femoral neck

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

31
Q

Number of tarsal bones

A

Seven

32
Q

Number of carpal bones

A

Eight

33
Q

Marching fracture

A

Stress fracture of second metatarsal

34
Q

Location of sesamoid bones in foot

A

Two under big toe

35
Q

Role of sesamoid bones in big toe

A

Provide passage for nerves, blood vessels

36
Q

Where does the femoral artery run through the hip?

A

Medial to hip joints

37
Q

Position of leg when femoral neck is broken

A

Leg externally rotated, pulled towards torso

38
Q

Number of synovial joints in knee capsule

A

Two

39
Q

Joints within the knee capsule

A

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

40
Q

Is the knee a hinge joint?

A

No. Some rotation is permitted

41
Q

Pairs of structures that primarily reinforce knee joint:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
2) Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
3) Medial and lateral menisci

42
Q

Reasons for knee joint incongruence

A

Round femoral condyles

Flat tibial surfaces

43
Q

Most vulnerable position for knee

A

Flexed and rotated

44
Q

ACL and PCL are what kind of ligament?

A

Intracapsular ligaments

45
Q

Insertions of ACL

A

Front of tibia, lateral condyle of femur

46
Q

Insertions of PCL

A

Back of tibial, medial condyle of femur

47
Q

Movements prevented by ACL

A

Tibia sliding forward relative to femur

48
Q

Movements prevented by PCL

A

Tibia sliding backwards relative to femur

49
Q

Tendon often used to repair torn ACL

A

Patellar tendon

50
Q

Forces resisted by knee collateral ligaments

A

Lateral forces

51
Q

Which knee collateral ligament is more commonly injured?

A

Medial collateral ligament

52
Q

Reason for increased incidence of knee medial collateral ligament injury

A

Deep fibers blend with medial meniscus of knee, limits movement of medial collateral ligament compared to lateral collateral ligament

53
Q

Position of lateral collateral knee ligament

A

Separated from lateral meniscus by popiteus tendon

54
Q

Roles of knee menisci
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Absorb shock
2) Spread synovial fluid
3) Increase articular surface by ~1/3

55
Q

Origin of nerves supplying knee menisci

A

Knee capsule

56
Q

Normal patellofemoral alignment maintained by:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Vastus medialis muscle
2) Medial patellar retinaculum
3) Raised lip of on lateral femoral condyle

57
Q

Q angle

A

Angle between quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon

58
Q

Most common ankle injuries

A

Inversion strains of lateral collateral ligament

HSF - Limbs (9 decks)

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