Upper Limb and Shoulder Girdle Flashcards
How do x-rays affect less dense structures?
x-rays can more easily pass through. Things like soft tissue so they will appear darker
How do x-rays affect dense structions
x-rays cannot pass easily through dense structures like bone, so they appear whiter on a radiograph
What is part of the shoulder girdle
clavicle (2), scapula (2)
Describe parts of the clavicle?
has a sternal end and acromial end. The sternal end is round, has sort of a triangle shape. The acromial end is flat ended with a shoulder
Describe the scapula
very thin, can see through
What are the parts of the scapula?
acromion, coracoid process, superior border, superior angle, scapular notch, scapular spine, subscapularis fossa, supraspinous and infraspinous fossae, glenoid cavity, inferior angle, medial and lateral borders
Parts of the humerus at the proximal end
head, anatomical and surgical necks, greater and lesser tubercles, intertubercular groove/sulcus
parts of the humerus at the distal end
form to elbow, capitulum (round), articulates with head of radius. Trochlea (spool looking)- articulates with trochlear notch of ulna. fossae
What is olecranon fossa?
extend, point of elbow, part of the posterior end, accommodates olecranon process of ulna
what is the coronoid fossa?
it is part of the anterior view, depressions, bend in the elbow accommodates coronoid process of ulna
what is the radial fossa?
helps flex or close elbow , accommodates head of radius
What is the ulna
u, shape in the bone, has medial forearm bone.
Describe the proximal end of the ulna
has a trochlear notch, olecranon process and coronoid process
Describe the distal end of the ulna
has a head and styloid process
What does the radius bone look like?
Looks like a golf tee on top of bone, lateral forearm of bone
Describe the proximal end of the radius
it has a head that is disc-shaped articulates with capitulum of humerus
Describe the distal end of the radius
it has a styloid process
What are the carpal bones
found in the wrist, two rows of 4, has proximal and distal row.
What is part of the proximal row in the carpals?
scaphoid (boat shaped), lunate (moon shape), triquetrum, pisiform (pea shaped)
What is part of the distal row in the carpals?
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate (round), hamate (hook)
How many metacarpals are there?
5, labeled as roman numerals
how many phalanges are in each hand?
5, labeled as roman numerals, the thumb has two parts, (proximal and distal), the fingers has (proximal, middle and distal)
