Skeletal Classification

Question 1

formation of the bones

Answer 1

ossification

Question 2

What are the two types of ossification?

Answer 2

intramembranous and endochondral

Question 3

What is intramembranous ossification?

Answer 3

spongy bone forms between two sheets of fibrous connective tissue membranes, forms flat bones

Question 4

what is endochondral ossification?

Answer 4

forms most bones, including all long bones. hyaline cartilage model is replaced by spongy bone, then compact bone, results in the plates and lines

Question 5

histology

Answer 5

the study of tissue

Question 6

What is abundant in bone tissue?

Answer 6

bony matrix
25% water, 25% collagen fibers, 50% minerals

Question 7

What is calcification

Answer 7

osteoblasts make collagen fibers, mineral salts crystalize in between and all around collagen fibers

Question 8

What are the four types of bone cells?

Answer 8

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 9

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 9

undifferentiated bone cells, give rise to osteoblasts, found in periosteum and endosteum

Question 10

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 10

immature bones cells that make collagen of bony matrix and initiate bone deposition of calcium from blood to bone

Question 11

What are lacunane

Answer 11

osteoblasts that surround themselves with bone matrix and eventually become trapped in cavities

Question 12

What are osteocytes?

Answer 12

mature bone cells that carry out daily activities located in the lacunae

Question 13

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 13

macrophages for breakdown of bone and absorption of calcium into blood

Question 14

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Answer 14

they are responsible for bone resorption, bone must be removed to replaced, this happens when healing happens to an injured bone

Question 15

What are the two types of bone tissues?

Answer 15

compact and spongy bone

Question 16

What is compact bone?

Answer 16

thick layer that forms diaphysis of long bones, thin shell of compact bone surrounds spongy bone. This is also called cortical bone

Question 17

What is spongy bone?

Answer 17

also called cancellous bone or trabecular bone, found within epiphyses of long bones, forms most of other bone shapes surrounded by thin shell of compact bones

Question 18

What is trabecule?

Answer 18

spongy bone that is made of bony spike and spurs

Question 19

What is osteon

Answer 19

circular units, compact bones are made of this.

Question 20

What is lamella?

Answer 20

layers of bony matrix that are in concentric circles around a central canal

Question 21

What is the central canals

Answer 21

it runs longitudinally through the centers of osteons, holds nerves and blood lymph vessels. Connect via the perforating canals

Question 22

What are found within the lamellae?

Answer 22

lacunae that contain osteocytes

Question 23

what is canaliculi?

Answer 23

one of the canals in the compact bones

Question 24

What is trabeculae?

Answer 24

internal beams, spurs, spikes of bones

Question 25

What is the spongy bone structure?

Answer 25

matrix formed into trabeculae, the trabeculae also align along bone’s lines of stress to provide increased stability, no osteon, central canal. Open areas between trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow